Từ vựng – Ngữ pháp tiếng Anh 10

Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 1 UNIT 1: A DAY IN THE LIFE OF … ☺ VOCABULARY A. READING crop (n) muøa vuï fellow (n) baïn peasant (n) (=farmer) noâng daân plot of land (n) maûnh ñaát nhoû take a rest (v) nghæ ngôi transplant (v) caáy B. SPEAKING biology (n) sinh hoïc chemistry (n) hoaù hoïc civic education (n) giaùo duïc CD class meeting (n) sinh hoaït lôùp geography (n) ñaïi lyù history (n) lòch söû information technology(n) CN TT literature (n) vaên hoïc maths (n) toaùn hoïc physical education (n) theå duïc physics (n) vaät lyù tenth-grade student (n) HS lôùp 10 timetable (n) thôøi khoaù bieåu C. LISTENING cyclo (n) xe xích-loâ district (n) quaän drop (v) ñeå (ai) xuoáng xe food stall (n) quaày thöïc phaåm immediately (adv) ngay laäp töùc occupation (n) ngheà nghieäp park (v) ñaäu xe passenger (n) haønh khaùch pedal (v/n) ñaïp/baøn ñaïp (xe ñaïp) purchase (n) vaät/haøng hoaù mua ñöôïc D. WRITING choke (v) ngheït thôû (khoùi) cough (v) ho crowded (adj) ñoâng ñuùc dip (v) lao xuoáng discotheque (n) vuõ tröôøng fire exit (n) loái thoaùt hieåm gain height taêng ñoä cao in danger trong tình traïng nguy hieåm land safely haï caùnh an toaøn overjoyed (adj) vui möøng khoân xieát relieved (adj) bôùt caêng thaúng scream in panic la, heùt trong hoát hoaûng seaside (n) bôø bieån serve (v) phuïc vuï shake (v) rung, laéc suddenly (adv) ñoät nhieân E. LANGUAGE FOCUS as soon as (conj) ngay khi bean (n) haït ñaäu camp fire (n) löûa traïi creep into (v) boø vaøo Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 2 flow (v) (nöôùc) chaûy instead of (prep) thay vì leap out of (v) nhaûy ra khoûi pea (n) haït ñaäu Haø Lan put out (v) daëp taét put up (v) döïng leân realise (v) nhaän ra stream (n) doøng suoái tent (n) caùi leàu waste of time (n) söï laõng phí thôøi gian wind (its way) (v) löôïn, uoán (doøng chaûy) ☺ GRAMMAR 1. The present simple a. Caùch thaønh laäp - Caâu khaúng ñònh S + V(s/es); S + am/is/are - Caâu phuû ñònh S + do/does + not + V; S + am/is/are + not - Caâu hoûi Do/Does + S + V?; Am/Is/Are + S? b. Caùch duøng chính Thì hieän taïi ñôn ñöôïc duøng ñeå dieãn taû: - Moät thoùi quen, moät haønh ñoäng ñöôïc laëp ñi laëp laïi thöôøng xuyeân. Trong caâu thöôøng coù caùc traïng töø: always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, rarely, every day/week/month … Ex: Mary often gets up early in the morning. - Moät söï thaät luùc naøo cuõng ñuùng, moät chaân lyù. Ex: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 2. Adverbs of frequency always (luoân luoân), usually (thöôøng thöôøng), sometimes/occasionally (thænh thoaûng, ñoâi khi), often (thöôøng), normally (thoâng thöôøng), as a rule (nhö thöôøng leä), never (khoâng bao giôø) Traïng töø chæ söï thöôøng xuyeân ñöùng TRÖÔÙC ñoäng töø thöôøng, SAU “to be”. Ex: He usually goes to bed at 10 p.m. He is often late for class. * Löu yù: As a rule ñöùng CUOÁI caâu. 3. The past simple a. Caùch thaønh laäp - Caâu khaúng ñònh S + V2/ed; S + was/were - Caâu phuû ñònh S + did + not + V; S + was/were + not - Caâu hoûi Did + S + V?; Was/Were + S? b. Caùch duøng chính Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 3 Thì QKÑ duøng ñeå dieãn taû haønh ñoäng ñaõ xaûy ra vaø hoaøn taát trong quaù khöù vôùi thôøi gian ñöôïc xaùc ñònh roõ. Caùc traïng töø thöôøng ñi keøm: yesterday, ago, last week/month/year, in the past, in 1990, … Ex: Uncle Ho passed away in 1969. * Löu yù: Xem laïi ñoäng töø baát qui taéc! UNIT 2: SCHOOL TALKS ☺ VOCABULARY A. READING attitude (n) thaùi ñoä flat (n) caên hoä household task (n) coâng vieäc nhaø mall (n) khu buoân baùn narrow (adj) heïp opinion (n) yù kieán safety (n) söï an toaøn traffic (n) giao thoâng worry (v) lo laéng B. SPEAKING awful (a) khuûng khieáp backache (n) ñau löng conversation (n) cuoäc hoäi thoaïi headache (n) ñau ñaàu toothache (n) ñau raêng C. LISTENING alone (adv) moät mình comfortable (adj) thoaûi maùi enjoy yourself thích go for a swim ñi bôi plan (v) döï ñònh stay (v) ôû laïi D. WRITING block capital (n) chöõ in hoa employee (n) ngöôøi lao ñoäng employer (n) ngöôøi sd lñoäng enrolment form (n) maãu ghi danh female (adj) (thuoäc) phaùi nöõ fill in (v) ñieàn vaøo form (n) maãu male (adj) (thuoäc) phaùi nam provide (v) cung caáp somewhere (adv) nôi naøo ñoù E. LANGUAGE FOCUS as a result keát quaû laø cousin (n) anh/chò/em hoï guy (n) anh chaøng, gaõ (tieáng loùng) improve (v) caûi thieän in a hurry voäi vaõ look for (v) tìm kieám marvellous (adj) kyø dieäu memory (n) trí nhôù nervous (adj) hoài hoäp Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 4 pay attention to chuù yù ñeán post (v) gôûi thö relaxing (adj) thö giaõn star (n) ngoâi sao situation (n) tình huoáng target (n) muïc tieâu threaten (v) ñe doaï ☺ GRAMMAR 1. Wh- questions - Caùc töø ñeå hoûi: who, whom, what, which, where, when, why, how (old/long/far/fast/many/much…) - Vôùi ñoäng töø “to be”: Wh- + be + S (+ …)? Ex: What is the time? – It’s 7. - Vôùi ñoäng töø khieám khuyeát: Wh- + KK + S + V (+ …)? * Ñoäng töø khieám khuyeát: can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must, ought to Ex: How many languages can you speak? – 3. - Vôùi ñoäng töø thöôøng: Wh- + do/does/did + S + V (+ …)? Ex: Where did you go yesterday? – I went to the bookstore. 2. Gerund and to + infinitive a. Gerund (V-ing) - Sau giôùi töø ta duøng V-ing. - Sau nhöõng ñoäng töø/cuïm töø nhö: avoid (traùnh), have trouble (gaëp khoù khaên), practise (thöïc haønh), consider (xem xeùt, tính ñeán), miss (nhôù/boû lôõ), enjoy (thích, thöôûng thöùc), mind (phieàn), suggest (ñeà nghò), go on (tieáp tuïc), prefer … to (thích hôn), keep (giöõ), like (thích), feel like (caûm giaùc nhö), stop (döøng), it’s no use (khoâng lôïi ích gì), … b. V + to V expect (kyø voïng, troâng ñôïi), plan (döï ñònh), decide (quyeát ñònh), hope (hi voïng), threaten (ñe doaï), agree (ñoàng yù), promise (höùa), forget (queân), try (coá gaéng), like (muoán), … * Löu yù: - stop + V-ing: döøng haønh ñoäng stop + to V: döøng laïi ñeå laøm ñang laøm vieäc khaùc Stop making noise, please! She stopped to talk to him. - try + V-ing: thöû laøm vieäc gì try + to V: coá gaéng laøm vieäc gì He tries writing with his left hand. We try to get high marks. Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 5 UNIT 3: PEOPLE’S BACKGROUND ☺ VOCABULARY A. READING atomic weight (n) troïng löôïng nguyeân töû award (v) trao giaûi thöôûng brilliant (adj) thoâng minh, saùng daï degree (n) vaên baèng (do tröôøng ÑH caáp) ease (v) xoa dòu ñi founding (n) vieäc thaønh laäp from then on keå töø ñoù general education (n) giaùo duïc phoå thoâng human suffering (n) noãi ñau nhaân loaïi in spite of (prep) maëc duø(=despite) institute (n) hoïc vieän joy (n) nieàm vui obtain (v) ñaït ñöôïc position (n) vò trí PhD baèng tieán só private tutor (n) gia sö professor (n) giaùo sö radium (n) rañi receive (v) nhaän research (n) nghieân cöùu specialisation (n) söï chuyeân moân hoaù take up (v) tieáp tuïc (vieäc boû dôû) B. SPEAKING appearance (n) veû beà ngoaøi experience (n) kinh nghieäm interview (v) phoûng vaán journalist (n) phoùng vieân primary school (n) tröôøng tieåu hoïc secondary school (n) tröôøng THCS C. LISTENING champion (n) nhaø voâ ñòch congratulations (inter) xin chuùc möøng join (v) gia nhaäp sports teacher (n) GV theå duïc D. WRITING attend (v) tham döï pass (v) (thi) ñaäu tourist guide (n) höôùng daãn vieân du lòch telephonist (n) nhaân vieân ñ.thoaïi travel agency (n) vaên phoøng du lòch work as (v) laøm vieäc nhö laø E. LANGUAGE FOCUS angry (adj) giaän carpet (n) taám thaûm drop (v) laøm rôùt dry (adj) khoâ manage (v) xoay sôû mat (n) caùi chieáu Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 6 mess (n) söï loän xoän pan (n) caùi chaûo parrot (n) con veït sand (n) caùt thief (n) teân troäm torch (n) ñeøn pin turn off (v) taét (#turn on) vase (n) loï, chaäu voice (n) gioïng noùi ☺ GRAMMAR 1. The past perfect a. Caùch thaønh laäp - Caâu khaúng ñònh S + had + V3/ed - Caâu phuû ñònh S + had+ not + V3/ed - Caâu hoûi Had + S + V3/ed? b. Caùch duøng chính Thì QKHT duøng ñeå dieãn taû: - Moät haønh ñoäng xaûy ra vaø hoaøn taát tröôùc moät thôøi ñieåm hoaëc moät haønh ñoäng khaùc trong quaù khöù. Ex: We had had dinner before eight o’clock last night. Lucie had learned English before she came to England. - Moät haønh ñoäng ñaõ xaûy ra nhöng chöa hoaøn thaønh, tính ñeán moät thôøi ñieåm naøo ñoù trong quaù khöù. Ex: By the time I left that school, I had taught there for ten years. (Tôùi luùc toâi rôøi ngoâi tröôøng aáy, toâi ñaõ daïy ñöôïc 10 naêm.) 2. The past perfect vs. the past simple Ñeå dieãn taû hai haønh ñoäng xaûy ra tröôùc sau trong quaù khöù, ta duøng HAD + V3/ed cho haønh ñoäng tröôùc, V2/ed cho haønh ñoäng sau. Ex: After Nam had finished his homework, he went to bed. (Sau khi Nam hoaøn thaønh baøi taäp veà nhaø, anh aáy ñi nguû.) Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 7 UNIT 4: SPECIAL EDUCATION ☺ VOCABULARY A. READING admiring (adj) ngöôõng moä Braille (n) chöõ Bray(chöõ noåi cho ngöôøi muø) chance (n) cô hoäi describe (v) moâ taû effort (n) noå löïc humorous (adj) haøi höôùc infer (v) suy ra kid (n) treû con one by one laàn löôït prevent … from (v) caûn trôû proud of (adj) töï haøo veà prove (v) chöùng minh suspicious (adj) nghi ngôø thanks to (prep) nhôø vaøo B. SPEAKING activity (n) hoaït ñoäng break (n) giôø giaûi lao class (n) tieát hoïc to be honest (exp) thaønh thaät maø noùi C. LISTENING beauty (n) veû ñeïp calm … down (v) traán tónh (ai ñoù) camera (n) maùy aûnh comprise (v) goàm coù disability (n) khuyeát taät escape (v) thoaùt khoûi exhibit (v) trieån laõm fascinate (v) cuoán huùt feature (v) laøm noåi baät leân labourer (n) ngöôøi lao ñoäng mute (adj) caâm on display ñöôïc tröng baøy peaceful (adj) hoaø bình photograph (n) böùc aûnh (=photo) photographer (n) nhaø nhieáp aûnh photographic (adj) (thuoäc) nhieáp aûnh simple (adj) ñôn giaûn subject (n) chuû ñeà surroundings (n) vuøng xung quanh wander (v) ñi lang thang D. WRITING advertisement (n) muïc quaûng caùo air-conditioned (adj) ñöôïc trang bò maùy laïnh complaint (n) söï phaøn naøn contact (v) lieân laïc enclose (v) gôûi keøm look forward to (v) mong ñôïi quality (n) chaát löôïng receipt (n) bieân lai refund (n) söï traû laïi tieàn Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 8 resolution (n) caùch giaûi quyeát resolve (v) giaûi quyeát service (n) söï phuïc vuï E. LANGUAGE FOCUS ambulance (n) xe cöùu thöông delay (v) hoaõn laïi give up (v) töø boû injured (adj) bò thöông offer (v) toû yù muoán put … up (v) cho (ai) troï rarely (adv) hieám khi rob (v) cöôùp scene (n) hieän tröôøng unemployed (adj) thaát nghieäp ☺ GRAMMAR 1. The + adjective Duøng ñeå chæ moät nhoùm ngöôøi. the injured (ngöôøi bò thöông), the poor (ngöôøi ngheøo), the rich (ngöôøi giaøu), the sick (ngöôøi beänh), the unemployed (ngöôøi thaát nghieäp), the young (ngöôøi treû tuoåi), the disabled (ngöôøi khuyeát taät), the blind (ngöôøi khieám thò), the dead (ngöôøi cheát), … Ex: The rich should help the poor. 2. Used to + infinitive (ñaõ töøng/thöôøng) Dieãn taû thoùi quen trong quaù khöù, ñaõ chaám döùt ôû hieän taïi. Ex: His father used to smoke 20 cigarettes a day. Now he gives up smoking. (Cha cuûa anh aáy töøng huùt 20 ñieáu thuoác moät ngaøy. Baây giôø baùc aáy ñaõ boû thuoác roài.) 3. Which as a connector Duøng ñeå thay theá moät meänh ñeà ñöôïc noùi tröôùc ñoù. Ex: Sheila couldn’t come to the party, which was a pity. (Sheila khoâng theå ñeán döï tieäc, ñoù laø ñieàu ñaùng tieác.) Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 9 UNIT 5: TECHNOLOGY AND YOU ☺ VOCABULARY A. READING accuracy (n) söï chính xaùc calculate (v) tính toaùn calculation (n) pheùp tính capable (adj) coù khaû naêng daily life (n) cuoäc soáng haøng ngaøy data (n) döõ lieäu device (n) thieát bò,duïng cuï electronic (adj) ñieän töû entertainment (n) giaûi trí interact (v) keát noái magical (adj) kyø dieäu memo (n) baûn ghi nhôù relax (v) thö giaõn request for leave (n) ñôn xin nghæ pheùp speaker (n) loa storage (n) söï löu tröõ typewriter (n) maùy ñaùnh chöõ B. SPEAKING air conditioner (n) maùy laïnh amount (n) soá löôïng cell phone (n) ÑT di ñoäng fax machine (n) maùy fax long distance meeting(n)cuoäc hoïp töø xa participant (n) ngöôøi tham döï process (v) xöû lyù (döõ lieäu) store (v) löu tröõ transmit (v) truyeàn, phaùt C. LISTENING make an excuse ngoû lôøi xin loãi refuse (v) töø choái secretary (n) thö kyù shy (adj) maéc côõ, ngaïi since then (adv) keå töø ñoù still (adv) vaãn coøn D. WRITING adjust (v) ñieàu chænh connector (n) töø keát noái instruction (n) höôùng daãn lift (v) nhaác leân make a call thöïc hieän cuoäc goïi make sure (v) ñaûm baûo operate (v) ñieàu khieån phone card (n) theû ñieän thoaïi pip (n) tieáng píp (ÑT) plug in (v) caém ñieän vaøo public telephone (n) ÑT coâng coäng receiver (n) oáng nghe (ÑT) remote control (n) maùy ñieàu khieån töø xa slot (n) raõnh, khe E. LANGUAGE FOCUS destroy (v) tieâu huyû dry (v) laøm khoâ earthquake (n) traän ñoäng ñaát forest fire (n) chaùy röøng Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 10 fridge (n) tuû laïnh in the West ôû phöông Taây ink (n) möïc instrument (n) duïng cuï lay/laid/laid (v) ñaët, ñeå look after (v) chaêm soùc man-made (adj) nhaân taïo patient (n) beänh nhaân satellite (n) veä tinh save (v) cöùu soáng show (v) trình chieáu, chæ, höôùng daãn spill (v) traøn, chaûy ra towel (n) khaên lau ☺ GRAMMAR 1. The present perfect a. Caùch thaønh laäp - Caâu khaúng ñònh S + have/has+ V3/ed - Caâu phuû ñònh S + have/has + not + V3/ed - Caâu hoûi Have/Has + S + V3/ed? b. Caùch duøng chính (xem theâm Unit 7) Thì HTHT duøng ñeå dieãn taû: - Moät haønh ñoäng xaûy ra trong quaù khöù khoâng xaùc ñònh roõ thôøi ñieåm. Ex: Have you had breakfast? – No, I haven’t. 2. The present perfect passive a. Chuû ñoäng (Active) (xem caùch thaønh laäp thì HTHT.) b. Bò ñoäng (Passive) - Caâu khaúng ñònh S + have/has + been + V3/ed - Caâu phuû ñònh S + have/has + not + been + V3/ed - Caâu hoûi Have/Has + S + been + V3/ed? Ex: (A) They have built a new bridge across the river. (P) A new bridge has been built across the river. * Löu yù: - Caâu bò ñoäng thì HTHT luoân coù BEEN + V3/ed! 3. Who, which, that DANH TÖØ CHUÛ TÖØ TUÙC TÖØ Ngöôøi WHO/THAT WHO(M)/THAT Vaät/Ñ.vaät WHICH/THAT WHICH/THAT Ex: - The woman who/that is standing over there is my sister. - I know the boy who(m)/that you met yesterday. - She works for a company which/that produces cars. Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 11 UNIT 6: AN EXCURSION ☺ VOCABULARY A. READING anxious (adj) lo laéng bank (n) bôø soâng cave (n) hang ñoäng come to an end saép keát thuùc complain (v) phaøn naøn day off (n) ngaøy nghæ excursion (n) chuyeán ñi chôi formation (n) söï taïo thaønh impossible (adj) khoâng theå inform (v) baùo tin occasion (n) dòp permission (n) söï cho pheùp persuade (v) thuyeát phuïc rock (n) ñaù share … with (v) chia …vôùi stay the night ôû qua ñeâm sunshine (n) aùnh naéng suppose (v) nghó raèng term (n) hoïc kyø trip (n) chuyeán du lòch waterfall (n) thaùc nöôùc B. SPEAKING fresh air (n) khoâng khí trong laønh suffer from (v) chòu ñöïng, bò sunburnt (adj) saïm naéng sundeck (n) boong taøu cao nhaát take photographs chuïp hình travel sickness (n) say soùng C. LISTENING Botanical Garden (n) thaûo caàm vieân dance (v) nhaûy muùa glorious (adj) heát söùc thuù vò grassland (n) ñoàng/baõi coû laugh (v) cöôøi merrily (adv) vui veû on time ñuùng giôø pack up (v) thu doïn pay a visit to (=visit) vieáng thaêm sleep soundly nguû ngon spacious (adj) roäng raõi D. WRITING accept (v) chaáp nhaän agree (v) ñoàng yù as soon as possible caøng sôùm caøng toát bunch of banana (n) naûi chuoái confirmation (n) söï xaùc nhaän convenient (adj) tieän lôïi fortunately (adv) may thay mango (n) xoaøi pick … up (v) ñoùn (ai) request (n) lôøi ñeà nghò, yeâu caàu suggest (v) ñeà nghò wildlife (n) ÑV hoang daõ E. LANGUAGE FOCUS Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 12 cloud (n) maây cloudy (adj) coù nhieàu maây dirty (adj) baån get married (v) keát hoân latter (n) vaät/ngöôøi ñöôïc ñeà caäp sau play (n) vôû kòch take it along mang noù theo windy (adj) coù nhieàu gioù ☺ GRAMMAR 1. The present progressive (with a future meaning) a. Caùch thaønh laäp - Caâu khaúng ñònh S + am/is/are + V-ing - Caâu phuû ñònh S + am/is/are + not + V-ing - Caâu hoûi Am/Is/Are + S + V-ing? b. Caùch duøng chính Thì HTTD (vôùi nghóa töông lai) duøng ñeå: Noùi veà moät haønh ñoäng töông lai ñaõ coù KEÁ HOAÏCH thöïc hieän. Ex: The first term is coming to an end soon. 2. be going to - Dieãn taû moät döï ñònh (chöa coù keá hoaïch). Ex: I have saved some money. I’m going to buy a new computer. - Dieãn taû moät döï ñoaùn coù caên cöù. Ex: Look at those clouds. It is going to rain. * Löu yù: will/shall KHOÂNG duøng vôùi nhöõng yù nghóa treân cuûa thì HTTD vaø be going to. Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 13 UNIT 7: THE MASS MEDIA ☺ VOCABULARY A. READING channel (n) keânh truyeàn hình comedy (n) haøi kòch,phim haøi comment (n) bình luaän documentary (n) phim taøi lieäu drama (n) vôû kòch drawing (n) böùc veõ ending (n) keát cuïc, keát thuùc fact (n) söï thaät folk song (n) daân ca forecast (n) döï baùo funny (adj) vui, haøi höôùc news headlines (n) ñieåm tin people’s army (n) quaân ñoäi nhaân daân portrait of life (n) chaân dung cuoäc soáng recommend (v) giôùi thieäu series (n) moät chuoãi/loaït B. SPEAKING deliver (v) cung caáp distinctive (adj) noåi baät feature (n) ñieåm ñaëc tröng in common chung present (v) trình baøy C. LISTENING cause (v) gaây ra climb (v) leo, treøo flood (n) luõ, luït healthy (adj) khoeû maïnh leave/left/left (v) rôøi boû mountain (n) nuùi old age (n) tuoåi giaø rise/rose/risen (v) daâng leân top (n) ñænh wind (n) gioù D. WRITING advantage (n) thuaän lôïi aware (adj) yù thöùc brain (n) boä oùc, naõo disadvantage (n) baát lôïi effective (adj) hieäu quaû encourage (v) khuyeán khích enjoyable (adj) thuù vò entertain (n) laøm (ai) vui global (adj) toaøn caàu increase (v) laøm taêng memorable (adj) deã nhôù popularity (n) tính phoå bieán responsibility (n) traùch nhieäm violent (adj) baïo löïc E. LANGUAGE FOCUS appointment (n) cuoäc heïn bad condition (n) tình traïng xuoáng caáp cancel (v) huyû boû China town (n) phoá ngöôøi Hoa council (n) hoäi ñoàng demolish (v) phaù huyû live on (v) soáng nhôø vaøo Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 14 mistake (n) loãi quarrel (v) caõi nhau shorts (n) quaàn soùoc type (v) ñaùnh maùy ☺ GRAMMAR 1. The present perfect a. Caùch thaønh laäp (xem Unit 5) b. Caùch duøng chính (xem theâm Unit 5) - Moät haønh ñoäng xaûy ra trong quaù khöù, coøn keùo daøi ñeán hieän taïi. Ex: My friend Nam has lived in HCMC since 1998. We have learned English for 7 years. - Moät haønh ñoäng vöøa môùi xaûy ra. Ex: I have just finished my homework. * Löu yù: - SINCE: chæ moác thôøi gian (2000, September, I last saw you, …) - FOR: chæ khoaûng thôøi gian (3 months, a long time, ages, …) - Caùc traïng töø thöôøng duøng: just (vöøa môùi), recently/lately (gaàn ñaây), ever (ñaõ töøng), never (chöa bao giôø), yet (chöa), already (roài), since (töø khi), for (khoaûng). * Phaân bieät vôùi thì quaù khöù ñôn (Past simple): + Caùch thaønh laäp - Caâu khaúng ñònh S + V2/ed - Caâu phuû ñònh S + did + not + V - Caâu hoûi Did + S + V? + Caùch duøng chính: Thì QKÑ duøng ñeå dieãn taû haønh ñoäng ñaõ xaûy ra vaø hoaøn taát trong quaù khöù vôùi thôøi gian ñöôïc XAÙC ÑÒNH roõ. Caùc traïng töø thöôøng ñi keøm: yesterday, ago, last week/month/year, in the past, in 1990, … Ex: Uncle Ho passed away in 1969. 2. Because of and in spite of - Because of (bôûi vì) + N/N phrase Ex: Because of my sickness, I couldn’t go to school yesterday. (Bôûi vì beänh neân hoâm qua toâi khoâng theå ñi hoïc.) ---> Nguyeân nhaân – keát quaû - In spite of (maëc duø) + N/N phrase Ex: In spite of her old age, the woman tries to climb the mountain. (Maëc duø tuoåi giaø nhöng baø vaãn coá gaéng leo nuùi.) ---> Söï töông phaûn Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 15 UNIT 8: THE STORY OF MY VILLAGE ☺ VOCABULARY A. READING (pages 82-84) all day caû ngaøy author (n) taùc giaû change (v) thay ñoåi community (n) coäng ñoàng effect (n) hieäu quaû export (n) xuaát khaåu hardly (adv) haàu nhö khoâng knowledge (n) kieán thöùc lifestyle (n) loái soáng make ends meet vöøa ñuû soáng meet (v) ñaùp öùng method (n) phöông phaùp result in (v) mang laïi technical (adj) kyõ thuaät B. SPEAKING (page 85) canal (n) con keânh cart (v) chôû baèng xe boø get around (v) ñi ñaây ñoù, ñi laïi medical centre (n) trung taâm y teá product (n) saûn phaåm raise (v) naâng leân resurface (v) traûi laïi (maët ñöôøng) widen (v) môû roäng C. LISTENING (pages 86-87) atmosphere (n) baàu khoâng khí coast (n) bôø bieån cut down (v) ñoán (caây) department store (n) cöûa haøng baùch hoaù pull down (v) phaù saäp replace (v) thay theá resort (n) khu nghæ maùt suburb (n) ngoaïi oâ D. WRITING (pages 87-88) ahead (adv) phía tröôùc direction (n) höôùng daãn follow (v) theo, ñi theo go over ñi qua (caàu) keep on ñi tieáp keep walking ñi tieáp map (n) baûn ñoà railway station (n) traïm xe löûa walk past ñi ngang qua E. LANGUAGE FOCUS (pages 88-90) announce (v) thoâng baùo at least ít nhaát bone (n) xöông coat (n) aùo khoaùt crazy (adj) ñieân roà cure (v) chöõa beänh disease (n) caên beänh medicine (n) ngaønh y put on (v) maëc vaøo slippery (adj) trôn trôït Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 16 ☺ GRAMMAR 1. Reported speech: Statements - Ñoäng töø töôøng thuaät thöôøng gaëp: said, told, thought, announced - Khi ñoåi caâu tröïc tieáp (Statement) sang giaùn tieáp, ta ñoåi BA yeáu toá laø ngoâi, thì cuûa ñoäng töø vaø traïng töø chæ thôøi gian vaø nôi choán. a. Ngoâi: - Ñoåi ngoâi thöù NHAÁT phuø hôïp vôùi CHUÛ TÖØ trong meänh ñeà chính - Ñoåi ngoâi thöù HAI phuø hôïp vôùi TUÙC TÖØ trong meänh ñeà chính - Ngoâi thöù BA khoâng ñoåi Ex: He said to me, “I and you will go with her father.” ---> He told me (that) he and I would go with her father. b. Thì cuûa ñoäng töø: V1 ---> V2/ed V2/ed ---> had + V3/ed can ---> could will ---> would shall ---> should may ---> might must ---> had to c. Traïng töø chæ thôøi gian vaø nôi choán: today ---> that day tonight ---> that night now ---> then ago ---> before yesterday ---> the day before last week ---> the week before next week ---> the week after tomorrow ---> the day after this ---> that these ---> those here ---> there Ex: She said to me, “I met your brother yesterday.” ---> She told me that she had met my brother the day before. 2. Conditional sentence type 1 Dieãn taû ñieàu kieän COÙ THEÅ XAÛY RA ôû hieän taïi hoaëc töông lai. Ex: If it rains heavily, I will stay at home. * Löu yù: Phaân bieät caùch söû duïng giöõa WHEN vaø IF. - Duøng WHEN khi haønh ñoäng CHAÉC CHAÉN xaûy ra. Ex: When I’m hungry, I’ll find something to eat. - Duøng IF khi haønh ñoäng COÙ KHAÛ NAÊNG xaûy ra. Ex: If I have two tickets, I’ll invite her to the cinema. Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 17 UNIT 9: UNDERSEA WORLD ☺ VOCABULARY A. READING analyse (v) phaân tích at stake (exp) bò ñe doïa balanced (adj) caân baèng bay (n) vònh beneath (prep) beân döôùi biodiversity (n) ña daïng sinh hoïc bottom (n) ñaùy (bieån) challenge (v/n) (söï)thöû thaùch cover (v) bao phuû current (n) doøng chaûy depth (n) ñoä saâu device (n) thieát bò discovery (n) khaùm phaù divide (v) chia exist (v) toàn taïi experiment (n) thí nghieäm extremely (adv) cöïc kyø, raát fall into (v) chia thaønh form (v) hình thaønh gulf (n) vònh huge (adj) to lôùn investigate (v) thaùm hieåm jellyfish (n) con söùa lie (v) naèm live on (v) soáng nhôø vaøo maintain (v) duy trì major (adj) chính yeáu marine (adj) (thuoäc) bieån mysterious (adj) bí aån mystery (n) ñieàu bí aån organism (n) sinh vaät overcome (v) vöôït qua oversized (adj) quaù côõ part (n) phaàn percentage (n) tæ leä phaàn traêm precious (adj) quyù, hieám provide (v) cung caáp sample (n) maãu vaät satellite (n) veä tinh seabed (n) ñaùy bieån starfish (n) sao bieån submarine (n) taøu ngaàm surface (n) beà maët surround (v) bao quanh temperature (n) nhieät ñoä term (n) thuaät ngöõ three-quarters (n) ba phaàn tö tiny (adj) raát nhoû unless (adv) tröø phi wide range (n) löôïng lôùn B. SPEAKING butt (n) maåu thuoác laù (coøn laïi) consequence (n) haäu quaû dispose of (v) vöùt boû dustbin (n) thuøng raùc endanger (v) gaây nguy hieåm explosive (n) chaát noå fertilizer (n) phaân boùn fishing line (n) daây caâu Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 18 harm (v) gaây haïi herbicide (n) thuoác dieät coû limit (v) coù giôùi haïn net (n) löôùi pesticide (n) thuoác tröø saâu plastic (adj) laøm baèng chaát deûo pollute (v) laøm oâ nhieåm proper (adj) thích hôïp release (v) thaû responsibly (adv) moät caùch hôïp lyù rubbish (n) raùc seafood (n) haûi saûn smart (adj) thoâng minh solution (n) giaûi phaùp sparingly (adv) moät caùch tieát kieäm species (n) gioáng, loaøi spill (v) laøm traøn, ñoå tanker (n) taøu chôû daàu threaten (v) ñe doïa C. LISTENING commission (n) uûy ban conservation (n) söï baûo toàn decrease (n/v) (söï) giaûm bôùt feeding ground (n) nôi cung caáp thöùc aên increase (n/v) (söï) gia taêng length (n) chieàu daøi mammal (n) ñoäng vaät coù vuù migrate (v) di cö take measures (n) aùp duïng bieän phaùp weight (n) troïng löôïng whaling (n) vieäc saên caù voi D. WRITING accidential (adj) tình côø at risk (exp) ñang gaëp nguy hieåm brain (n) boä naõo calf (n) con* carnivore (n) ñoäng vaät aên thòt concern (n) moái quan taâm diet (n) thöùc aên haøng ngaøy entrapment (n) söï maéc baãy feeding habit (n) thoùi quen aên (aên caùi gì, nhieàu hay ít) female (adj/n) gioáng caùi gestation period (n) thôøi kyø thai ngheùn give birth to (exp) sinh con habitat (n) moâi tröôøng soáng life span (n) quaõng ñôøi male (adj/n) gioáng ñöïc offspring (n) con caùi range (n) khu vöïc soáng sperm whale (n) caù nhaø taùng squid (n) con möïc * Nghóa trong baøi: con cuûa caù nhaø taùng Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 19 E. LANGUAGE FOCUS close down (v) ñoùng cöûa (ngöøng sx) disappointed (adj) thaát voïng frightened (adj) sôï gun (n) caây suùng offend (v) xuùc phaïm offer (v) taëng/giao cho out of work (exp) maät vieäc press (v) nhaán refuse (v) töø choái resign (v) töø chöùc ring (n) chieác nhaãn salary (n) tieàn löông surprised (adj) bò ngaïc nhieân upset (adj) buoàn baõ ☺ GRAMMAR 1. Should / Shouldn’t (neân / khoâng neân) Duøng ñeå khuyeân ai ñoù neân hay khoâng neân laøm vieäc gì. Ex: - He looks very tired. He should visit his doctor. (He looks very tired. I think he should visit his doctor. - It’s raining heavily. You shouldn’t go out right now. (It’s raining heavily. I don’t think you should go out right now.) 2. Conditional sentence type 2 Caâu ñieàu kieän loaïi 2 duøng ñeå dieãn taû haønh ñoäng KHOÂNG theå xaûy ra ôû hieän taïi hoaëc töông lai. Ex: - He doesn’t have enough money. He will not buy this new bicycle. ---> If he had enough money, he would buy this new bicycle. (He would buy this new bicycle if he had enough money.) - I am not bird. I can’t fly everywhere. ---> If I were a bird, I could fly everywhere. (I could fly everywhere if I were a bird.) Coâng thöùc: If clause (Meänh ñeà If) Main clause (Meänh ñeà chính) S + V2/ED/WERE S + WOULD/COULD + V * Löu yù: - Meänh ñeà IF vaø meänh ñeà chính coù theå ñoåi choã cho nhau. - Duøng WERE cho taát caû caùc ngoâi trong meänh ñeà IF. Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 20 UNIT 10: CONSERVATION ☺ VOCABULARY A. READING circulation (n) söï löu thoâng conserve (v) baûo toàn constant (adj) thöôøng xuyeân damage (n) thieät haïi destroy (v) phaù huûy disappearance (n) söï bieán maát eliminate (v) loaïi ra destruction (n) söï taøn phaù erosion (n) söï xoùi moøn grass (n) baõi coû hydroelectric dam (n) ñaäp thuûy ñieän industry (n) ngaønh coâng nghieäp loss (n) söï maát maùc nature’s defence (n) baûo veä thieân nhieân planet (n) haønh tinh power (n) ñieän protect (v) baûo veä run off (v) chaûy ñi save (v) cöùu soil (n) ñaát species (n) gioáng, loaøi take away (v) laáy ñi treat (v) chöõa trò valuable (adj) coù giaù trò variety (n) söï ña daïng vegetation (n) thöïc vaät, caây coái worsen (v) laøm teä hôn B. SPEAKING against one’s will (exp) traùi yù (ai) endangered (adj) coù nguy cô tuyeät chuûng image (n) hình aûnh imprison (v) toáng giam instead (prep) thay vaøo ñoù reconstruction (n) söï taùi xdöïng the wild (n) moâi tröôøng hoang daõ risky (adj) maïo hieåm sensitive (adj) nhaïy caûm suffer from (v) chòu ñöïng C. LISTENING allow (v) cho pheùp awful (adj) khuûng khieáp camper (n) ngöôøi caém traïi catch fire (exp) baét löûa forester (n) ngöôøi troâng coi röøng heap of leaves (n) moät ñoáng laù spread (v) lan roäng D. WRITING afterwards (adv) sau ñoù free (adj) mieãn phí preparation (n) söï chuaån bò term (n) hoïc kyø Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 21 E. LANGUAGE FOCUS blouse (n) aùo sô mi nöõ bread roll (n) oå baùnh mì cap (n) muõ löôõi trai carpet (n) taám thaûm coconut tree (n) caây döøa homeless (adj) voâ gia cö organize (v) toå chöùc pad of paper(n) taäp giaáy photograph (v) chuïp aûnh pollen (n) phaán hoa present (n) moùn quaø puppy (n) choù con report (v) baùo caùo serve (v) phuïc vuï ☺ GRAMMAR: The passive voice (Theå bò ñoäng) I- Caùc böôùc ñoåi caâu chuû ñoäng sang caâu bò ñoäng: 1) Xaùc ñònh S, V, O trong caâu chuû ñoäng (V coù theå laø ñôn hoaëc keùp. Neáu laø V keùp thì V cuoái cuøng-V chính- ñöôïc ñoåi thaønh V3/ed.) 2) Xaùc ñònh thì cuûa ñoäng töø 3) Ñem O trong caâu chuû ñoäng laøm S trong caâu bò ñoäng, ñem S trong caâu chuû ñoäng laøm O trong caâu bò ñoäng 4) Laáy V chính trong caâu chuû ñoäng ñoåi thaønh V3/ed roài theâm BE thích hôïp tröôùc V3/ed 5) Ñaët BY tröôùc O trong caâu bò ñoäng Ex: (A) The cat ate the mouse. ---> (P) The mouse was eaten by the cat. Trong (A), The cat laø S, ate laø V chính, the mouse laø O. Ñem the mouse laøm S vaø the cat laøm O trong (P). Laáy V chính ñoåi thaønh V3 laø eaten. Do V chính trong (A) ôû thì quaù khöù ñôn vaø The mouse trong (P) soá ít neân BE phaûi laø was. Ñaët by tröôùc the cat. * Caáu truùc cô baûn cuûa caâu bò ñoäng laø BE + V3/ed. Sau khi laøm xong, caàn kieåm tra laïi coù thieáu moät trong hai yeáu toá ñoù khoâng. II- Ñoäng töø trong caâu chuû ñoäng vaø bò ñoäng: Tenses Examples Simple present Lan cleans the floor every morning. --> The floor is cleaned by Lan every morning. Simple past Nam broke the glasses. --> The glasses were broken by Nam. Present The pupil is not doing some exercises. Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 22 continuous --> Some exercises are not being done by the pupil. Past continuous Mother was cooking dinner at 6 yesterday. --> Dinner was being cooked by mother at 6 yesterday. Present perfect The secretary has just finished the report. --> The report has just been finished by the secretary. Past perfect The boy had found the key before 9 yesterday. --> The key had been found by the boy before 9 yesterday. Simple future Mr. Brown will not teach our class. --> Our class will not be taught by Mr. Brown. Modal verbs* a) The students must do this exercise in class. --> This exercise must be done in class by the students. * Modal verbs: can/could, will/would, may/might, shall/should, must, ought to UNIT 11: NATIONAL PARKS ☺ VOCABULARY A. READING abandoned (adj) bò ruoàng boû butterfly (n) con böôùm cave (n) hang ñoäng chemical (n) hoùa chaát contain (v) goàm coù contamination (n) söï laøm baån establish (v) thaønh laäp hike mountains (v) leo nuùi orphanage (n) traïi moà coâi orphaned (adj) moà coâi release (v) thaûi ra sub-tropical (adj) caän nhieät ñôùi surprised (adj) ngaïc nhieân survival (n) söï soáng soùt temperate zone (n) vuøng oân ñôùi toxic level (n) möùc ñoä ñoäc haïi tropical (adj) nhieät ñôùi wilderness (n) vuøng hoang daõ B. SPEAKING carsick (adj) say xe coach (n) xe ñoø food poisoning (n) ngoä ñoäc thöïc phaåm get a cold (exp) bò caûm raincoat (n) aùo möa regret (n) ñieàu tieác nuoái throw-threw-thrown (v) neùm, vöùt waste (n) raùc Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 23 C. LISTENING area (n) dieän tích attack (v) taán coâng defeat (v) ñaùnh baïi enemy (n) keû thuø ethnic minority (n) daân toäc thieåu soá fauna (n) quaàn theå ÑV flora (n) quaàn theå TV invader (n) quaân xaâm löôïc station (v) ñoùng quaân D. WRITING acceptance (n) söï chaáp nhaän refusal (n) söï töø choái best regards (exp) lôøi chuùc toát ñeïp nhaát decline (v) khöôùc töø reply (n) hoài aâm catch (v) ñoùn (xe) look after (v) chaêm soùc E. LANGUAGE FOCUS accident (n) tai naïn block (v) caûn ñöôøng bull (n) boø ñöïc counter (n) quaày thu tieàn crash (n) vuï ñuïng xe depend (v) döïa vaøo dependent (adj) leä thuoäc documentary (n) phim taøi lieäu exit (n) loái ra happen (v) xaûy ra highway (n) xa loä immediately (adv) ngay laäp töùc injured (adj) bò thöông pay attention (exp) chuù yù play cards (exp) chôi baøi Russian (n) tieáng Nga shine (v) chieáu saùng wake (v) ñaùnh thöùc ☺ GRAMMAR: Conditional sentence type 3 Caâu ñieàu kieän loaïi 3 dieãn taû haønh ñoäng KHOÂNG THEÅ XAÛY RA ôû quaù khöù. Ex: - He drank much wine because he was very sad. ---> If he hadn’t been very sad, he wouldn’t have drunk much wine. (He wouldn’t have drunk much wine if he hadn’t been very sad.) - John didn’t studied hard last year, so he failed his exam. ---> If John had studied hard, he wouldn’t have failed his exam. (John wouldn’t have failed his exam if he had studied hard last year.) Coâng thöùc: If clause (Meänh ñeà If) Main clause (Meänh ñeà chính) S + HAD + V3/ED S + WOULD/COULD + HAVE + V3/ED Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 24 UNIT 12: MUSIC ☺ VOCABULARY A. READING atmosphere (n) baàu khoâng khí beat (n) nhòp ñieäu combination (n) söï keát hôïp communicate (v) giao tieáp convey (v) truyeàn taûi criticise (v) pheâ bình delight (v) laøm … vui emotion (n) caûm xuùc entertain (v) giaûi trí fairy tale (n) chuyeän thaàn tieân feeling (n) caûm nghó funeral (n) leã tang integral part (n) phaàn thieát yeáu joyfulness (n) söï vui möøng lull (v) ru nguû mention (v) ñeà caäp mournful (adj) buoàn thaûm role (n) vai troø set the tone for (exp) taïo koâng khí chung cho solemn (adj) trang nghieâm thought (n) yù nghó Western (adj) phöông taây B. SPEAKING band (n) ban nhaïc cheer … up (v) laøm … phaán khôûi feel bad (exp) caûm thaáy buoàn have the radio on (exp)ñeå radio môû Walkman (n) maùy caùt-xeùt nhoû coù tai nghe C. LISTENING gentle (adj) nheï nhaøng, dòu eâm lyrical (adj) tröõ tình National Anthem (n) quoác ca proud (adj) töï haøo rousing (adj) khuaáy ñoäng, haøo höùng show (n) chöông trình D. WRITING appriciate (v) ñaùnh giaù cao black family (n) gia ñình da maøu compose (v) saùng taùc composer (n) ngöôøi saùng taùc mixture (n) söï pha troän profile (n) tieåu söû sô löôïc rag (n) baûn nhaïc ractim Ragtime (n) nhaïc ractim (cuûa ngöôøi Myõ da ñen) tune (n) giai ñieäu Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 25 E. LANGUAGE FOCUS buzz (n) tieáng vuø vuø celebrate (v) toå chöùc (leã, sinh nhaät, …) contest (n) cuoäc thi example (n) taám göông monitor (n) lôùp tröôûng on time (exp) ñuùng giôø prize (n) giaûi thöôûng record (n) ñaõ haùt relaxed (adj) thö giaõn save (v) tieát kieäm sip (v) nhaâm nhi zip (n) daây keùo ☺ GRAMMAR 1. to + infinitive Ñöùng ñaàu hoaëc cuoái caâu ñeå chæ muïc ñích cuûa haønh ñoäng (ñeå laøm gì). Ex: - What do you learn English for? ---> To have a good job, I learn English. ---> I learn English to have a good job. 2. Wh- questions Khi ñaët caâu hoûi, caàn xaùc ñònh: - Töø ñeå hoûi: what, who(m), where, when, why, how. - Ñoäng töø chính + to be hay modals (can/could, will/would …): ñaët tröôùc chuû töø + ñoäng töø thöôøng: möôïn trôï ñoäng töø do, does hoaëc did (sau ñoù trôû veà hình thöùc nguyeân maãu cuûa ñoäng töø chính) Ex: - They are going to the supermarket. ---> Where are they going? - I often listen to music whenever I have free time. ---> When do you often listen to music? Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 26 UNIT 13: FILMS AND CINEMA ☺ VOCABULARY A. READING still (adj) ñöùng yeân motion (n) söï vaän ñoäng sequence (n) moät chuoãi caùc söï kieän movement (n) söï chuyeän ñoäng existence (n) söï toàn taïi decade (n) thaäp kyû scene (n) caûnh quay character (n) nhaân vaät audience (n) khaùn giaû rapidly (adv) nhanh choùng silent film (n) phim caâm screen (n) maøn aûnh B. SPEAKING science fiction film (n) phim khoa hoïc vieãn töôûng horror film (n) phim kinh dò detective film (n) phim trinh thaùm thriller film (n) phim ly kyø moving (adj) caûm ñoäng violent (adj) baïo löïc terrifying (adj) khieáp sôï suppose (v) cho raèng prefer … to … (v) thích … hôn… C. LISTENING instead (adv) thay vaøo ñoù guess (v) chaéc raèng plan (v) leân keá hoaïch calendar (n) lòch D. WRITING adventurer (n) ngöôøi phieâu löu Atlantic Ocean (n) Ñaïi Taây Döông base on (exp) döïa treân disaster (n) thaûm hoïa ending (n) phaàn keát engaged (adj) ñaõ höùa hoân generous (adj) haøo phoùng hit (v) ñuïng iceberg (n) taûng baêng luxury liner (n) con taøu sang troïng occur (v) xaûy ra on board (exp) treân taøu sink (v) chìm sinking (n) söï chìm xuoáng tragic (adj) bi kòch voyage (n) cuoäc haønh trình E. LANGUAGE FOCUS amuse (v) laøm vui veû astronomy (n) thieân vaên hoïc badly damaged (exp) hö hoûng naëng depress (v) gaây saàu naõo Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 27 disappoint (v) gaây thaát voïng embarrass (v) laøm boái roái exhaust (v) gaây kieät söùc fascinate (v) cuoán huùt frustrate (v) laøm böïc mình horrify (v) laøm khieáp sôï irritate (v) gaây böïc boäi valley (n) thung luõng van (n) xe taûi vine (n) caây nho vote (v) laù phieáu ☺ GRAMMAR 1. Adjectives of attitude a. Hình thöùc hieän taïi phaân töø (-ING): Dieãn taû nhaän thöùc cuûa ngöôøi noùi/nghe veà ngöôøi/vieäc gì ñoù. Ngöôøi noùi/nghe ---> ngöôøi/vieäc gì ñoù Ex: - That film is interesting. (Boä phim ñoù hay.) (Ngöôøi xem nhaän thaáy boä phim hay.) - He is boring. He always talks about the same things. (Haén ta chaùn thaät. Haén luoân baøn veà nhöõng thöù gioáng nhau.) (Ngöôøi nghe nhaän thaáy haén ta chaùn.) b. Hình thöùc quaù khöù phaân töø (-ED): Dieãn taû caûm giaùc cuûa ngöôøi noùi do ngöôøi/vieäc gì ñoù ñem laïi. Ngöôøi noùi/nghe <--- ngöôøi/vieäc gì ñoù Ex: - I am interested in reading Kieu’s Story. (Toâi thích ñoïc truyeän Kieàu.) (Truyeän Kieàu hay laøm cho toâi thích ñoïc.) - This book is not good. I feel bored with it. (Quyeån saùch naøy khoâng hay. Toâi thaáy chaùn noù quaù.) (Quyeån saùch laøm toâi chaùn.) 2. It was not until (time) that S + V2/ed (Maõi cho tôùi …) Ex: - The cinema did not become an industry until 1915. ---> It was not until 1915 that the cinema became an industry. (Maõi cho ñeán naêm 1915 thì ñieän aûnh môùi trôû thaønh moät ngaønh coâng nghieäp.) 3. a / an and the Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 28 “A/AN” ñöôïc duøng khi ngöôøi/vaät ñöôïc ñeà caäp LAÀN ÑAÀU TIEÂN. Khi ngöôøi/vaät ñoù ñöôïc nhaéc ñeán keå töø LAÀN THÖÙ HAI, ta duøng “THE”. Ex: - I have a pencil and an eraser. The pencil costs 3,500 VND and the eraser is 2,000 VND. UNIT 14: THE WORLD CUP ☺ VOCABULARY A. READING champion (n) nhaø voâ ñòch championship (n) chöùc voâ ñòch compete (v) thi ñaáu competition (n) cuoäc thi ñaáu consider (v) xem nhö defeat (v) ñaùnh baïi elimination game (n) traän ñaáu loaïi event (n) söï kieän final (adj/n) (traän) chung keát gain (v) giaønh ñöôïc governing body (n) toå chöùc quaûn lyù hold-held-held (v) toå chöùc honoured title (n) danh hieäu vinh döï host nation (n) chuû nhaø pass (v) troâi qua passionate (adj) noàng hieät runner-up (n) aù quaân take part in (v) tham gia tournament (n) giaûi ñaáu trophy (n) cuùp victory (n) chieán thaéng witness (v) chöùng kieán B. SPEAKING final match (n) traän chung keát penalty shoot-out (n) loaït ñaù phaït ñeàn score (n) tæ soá South Korea (n) Haøn Quoác Sweden (n) Thuïy Ñieån Switzerland (n) Haø Lan West Germany (n) Taây Ñöùc C. LISTENING ambassador (n) ñaïi söù goal-scorer (n) caàu thuû ghi baøn hero (n) anh huøng kick (v) ñaù milestone (n) moác lòch söû promote (v) thuùc ñaåy retire (v) veà höu retirement (n) söï veà höu score (v) ghi baøn D. WRITING Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 29 announcement (n) thoâng baùo captain (n) ñoäi tröôûng committee (n) uûy ban Communist Youth Union (n) Ñoaøn TNCS contact (v) lieân laïc football field (n) saân boùng friendly match (n) traän giao höõu head (n) bí thö postpone (v) trì hoaõn severe (adj) khaéc nghieät take place (exp) dieãn ra volunteer (n) tình nguyeän vieân E. LANGUAGE FOCUS bucket (n) caùi xoâ driving test (n) cuoäc thi baèng laùi xe give s.o. a lift (exp) cho ai quaù giang headache (n) nhöùc ñaàu heavy (adj) naëng mean (adj) keo kieät realise (v) nhaän ra repaint (v) sôn laïi suitcase (n) vali ☺ GRAMMAR 1. Will vs. be going to Will (seõ) dieãn taû moät quyeát ñònh ñöa ra vaøo luùc noùi. Ex: A: It’s very cold. B: I’ll close the windows. Be going to (saép) dieãn taû moät döï ñònh. Ex: A: Why are you turning on the TV? B: I’m going to watch the news. 2. Will: making predictions (ñöa ra phoûng ñoaùn) Ex: You are working very hard. I am sure you will pass this exam easily. 3. Will: making offers (ñöa ra ñeà nghò) Ex: A: I want to buy this book but I don’t have enough money. B: I’ll lend you some. Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 30 UNIT 15: CITIES ☺ VOCABULARY A. READING art gallery (n) phoøng trieån laõm NT attract (v) thu huùt characterise (v) ñaëc tröng hoùa Dutch (n) ngöôøi Haø Lan global finance (n) neàn taøi chính toaøn caàu harbour (n) caûng bieån headquaters (n) truï sôû chính ice-free (adj) khoâng bò ñoùng baêng metropolitan (adj) (thuoäc) khu ñoâ thò lôùn mingle with (v) hoøa troän vôùi rename (v) ñaët teân laïi state (n) bang (ôû Myõ) Statue of Liberty (n) töôïng nöõ thaàn töï do take over (v) tieáp quaûn unusual (adj) khaùc thöôøng, ñaëc bieät well-known (adj) noåi tieáng B. SPEAKING AD (Anno Domini) (n) sau coâng nguyeân area (n) dieän tích comparison (n) söï so saùnh convenient (adj) thuaän tieän formal (adj) trang troïng found (v) khai saùng, saùng laäp open (adj) côûi môû reserved (adj) deø daët, kính ñaùo transport (n) giao thoâng C. LISTENING hold (v) caàm, giöõ suburb (n) noäi oâ friendship (n) tình baïn height (n) chieàu cao weight (n) troïng löôïng material (n) vaät lieäu base (n) caùi beä D. WRITING cover (v) chieám (dieän tích) description (n) söï mieâu taû get away from (exp) traùnh khoûi Houses of Parliament* (n) ideal (adj) lyù töôûng Roman (n) ngöôøi La Maõ situate (v) ñaët ôû vò trí * Houses of Parliament: hai vieän cuûa Quoác hoäi Anh. ÔÛ Anh quoác coù hai vieän laø House of Commons (Haï nghò vieän) vaø House of Lords (Thöôïng nghò vieän). E. LANGUAGE FOCUS Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 31 although (conj) maëc duø host (v) ñaêng cai toå chöùc neighbourhood (n) xoùm temple (n) ñeàn thôø tourist destination (n) ñieåm ñeán du lòch ☺ GRAMMAR 1. Non-defining and defining relative clause (Meänh ñeà quan heä xaùc ñònh vaø khoâng xaùc ñònh) a) Meänh ñeà quan heä xaùc ñònh: Duøng ñeå boå nghóa cho danh töø ñöùng tröôùc. Neáu boû ñi meänh ñeà chính seõ khoâng roõ nghóa. Ex: I saw the girl. She helped us last week. ---> I saw the girl who/that helped us last week. b) Meänh ñeà quan heä khoâng xaùc ñònh: Duøng ñeå boå nghóa cho danh töø ñöùng tröôùc, laø phaàn giaûi thích theâm. Neáu boû ñi meänh ñeà chính vaãn roõ nghóa. Meänh ñeà naøy thöôøng ñöôïc taùch khoûi meänh ñeà chính baèng daáu phaåy “,”. Ta duøng meänh ñeà quan heä khoâng haïn ñònh khi: - Tröôùc danh töø quan heä coù: this/that/these/those/my/her/his/… - Töø quan heä laø TEÂN RIEÂNG hoaëc DANH TÖØ RIEÂNG. Ex: My father is a doctor. He is fifty years old. ---> My father, who is fifty years old, is a doctor. New York is a large harbour. It is ice-free in all seasons. ---> New York, which is ice-free in all seasons, is a large harbour. * LÖU YÙ: KHOÂNG duøng THAT trong meänh ñeà naøy. New York, that is ice-free in all seasons, is a large harbour. (SAI) 2. Although/Though (maëc duø) Duøng ñeå noái hai yù kieán töông phaûn nhau. Ex: New York is not the capital of the USA. It is the centre of global finance. ---> Although New York is not the capital of the USA, it is the centre of global finance. (Maëc duø New York khoâng phaûi laø thuû ñoâ cuûa Hoa Kyø nhöng noù laø trung taâm neàn taøi chính toaøn caàu.) * LÖU YÙ: Tieáng Vieät noùi: Maëc duø … nhöng Tieáng Anh noùi: Although/Though … (KHOÂNG coù “but” theo sau) Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 32 UNIT 16: HISTORICAL PLACES ☺ VOCABULARY A. READING banyan tree (n) caây ña behaviour (n) caùch öùng xöû brilliant (adj) loãi laïc Confucian (adj) (thuoäc) nho giaùo construction (n) coâng trình xaây döïng dynasty (n) trieàu ñaïi educate (v) ñaøo taïo engrave (v) chaïm, khaéc feudal times (n) thôøi phong kieán flourish (v) phaùt trieån function (n) chöùc naêng giant (adj) khoång loà memorialize (v) toân vinh, töôûng nhôù pride (n) nieàm töï haøo representative (adj) ñaïi dieän royal examination(n) thi ñình* scholar (n) hoïc giaû site (n) ñòa ñieåm, nôi stone stele (n), bia ñaù stelae (soá nhieàu) talented (adj) coù taøi tortoise (n) con ruøa well-preserved (adj) ñöôïc baûo toàn kyõ * Thi nho giaùo trieàu ñaïi nhaø Lyù ngaøy xöa coù 3 caáp: thi höông (interprovincial examination), thi hoäi (pre-court examination) vaø thi ñình (royal examination). B. SPEAKING admission fee (n) tieàn vaøo cöûa air bombardment (n) cuoäc khoâng taïc baèng bom allow (v) cho pheùp chamber (n) phoøng lôùn comprise (v) goàm coù for maintenance (n) ñeå truøng tu heritage (n) di saûn Independence Palace (n) Dinh Ñoäc laäp inside (prep) beân trong late president (n) chuû tòch quaù coá lie-lay-lain-lying (v) naèm photography (n) chuïp aûnh stand (n) khaùn phoøng C. LISTENING* carve (v) khaéc, chaïm certify (v) chöùng nhaän Far East (n) vieãn ñoâng merchant (n) thöông gia ornamental (adj) trang hoaøng pillar (n) coät thatch-roofed (adj) lôïp baèng rôm, raï tile-roofed (adj) lôïp ngoùi vessel (n) thuyeàn lôùn Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 33 * Notre Dame Cathedral (in HCMC): nhaø thôø Ñöùc Baø Ha Long Bay: Vònh Haï Long The Huc Bridge: caàu Theâ Huùc Noon Gate: Ngoï Moân Japanese Covered Bridge: Caàu Nhaät Baûn Assembly Hall of Cantonese Chinese Congregation: Hoäi quaùn Quaûng Ñoâng Ancient town of Hoi An: phoá coå Hoäi An D. WRITING present (v) trình baøy visitor arrival (n) du khaùch chart (n) bieåu ñoà E. LANGUAGE FOCUS illusion (n) aûo töôûng keep fit (exp) giöõ thaân theå khoûe maïnh massage (n) söï xoa boùp means (n) phöông tieän obviously (adj) roõ raøng parking (n) ñoã xe public transport (n) phöông tieän GT coâng coäng unhealthy (adj) oám yeáu washing machine (n) maùy giaët ☺ GRAMMAR Comparatives and superlatives (so saùnh hôn vaø so saùnh nhaát) I- So saùnh hôn: 1) Tính töø ngaén: adj + ER + than Tính töø ngaén laø töø coù moät vaàn hay hai vaàn taän cuøng baèng “y”. fast ---> faster strong ---> stronger thick ---> thicker lucky ---> luckier happy ---> happier dry ---> drier * LÖU YÙ: big ---> bigger hot ---> hotter Ex: John is stronger than his brother. (John khoeû hôn anh cuûa caäu aáy.) 2) Tính töø daøi: more + adj + than Tính töø daøi laø töø coù hai vaàn trôû leân. modern, patient, difficult, fluently, beautifully, … Ex: This problem is more difficult than we thought. (Vaán ñeà naøy khoù hôn chuùng ta nghó.) Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 34 II- So saùnh nhaát: 1) Tính töø ngaén: the + adj + EST cold ---> the coldest thick ---> the thickest fast ---> fastest lucky ---> the luckiest happy ---> the happiest * LÖU YÙ: big ---> the biggest hot ---> the hottest Ex: Yesterday was the hottest day of the year. (Hoâm qua laø ngaøy noùng nhaát trong naêm.) 2) Tính töø daøi: the + MOST + adj Ex: She is the most beautiful girl in the class. (Coâ aáy laø coâ gaùi ñeïp nhaát trong lôùp.) - Tính töø baát qui taéc Tính töø So saùnh hôn So saùnh nhaát good (toát) better the best bad (xaáu, dôû) worse the worst far (xa) farther / further the farthest / the furthest Ex: Her English is better than mine. (Tieáng Anh cuûa coâ ta thì toát hôn toâi.) Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 35 PHUÏ LUÏC: ÑOÄNG TÖØ BAÁT QUY TAÉC THÖÔØNG GAËP Hieän taïi Quaù khöù QK PT Nghóa am/is/are was/were been thì, laø, ôû arise arose arisen xuaát hieän bear bore born sinh ra beat beat beaten ñaùnh, ñaäp become became become trôû neân begin began begun baét ñaàu bend bent bent cuùi, gaäp bet bet bet ñaùnh cuoäc bite bit bitten caén bleed bled bled chaûy maùu blow blew blown thoåi break broke broken laøm vôõ breed bred bred nuoâi bring brought brought mang build built built xaây döïng burn* burnt burnt ñoát chaùy burst burst burst böøng chaùy buy bought bought mua catch caught caught baét ñöôïc choose chose chosen choïn löïa come came come ñeán cost cost cost trò giaù creep crept crept boø cut cut cut caét dig dug dug ñaøo do did done laøm draw drew drawn veõ dream* dreamt dreamt mô drink drank drunk uoáng drive drove driven laùi xe eat ate eaten aên fall fell fallen teù xuoáng feed fed fed cho aên Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 36 feel felt felt caûm thaáy fight fought fought ñaùnh nhau find found found tìm thaáy fit fit fit vöøa vaën fly flew flown bay forecast forecast forecast döï baùo forget forgot forgot(ten) queân forgive forgave forgiven tha thöù freeze froze frozen ñoâng laïnh get got got(ten) ñaït ñöôïc give gave given cho go went gone ñi grind ground ground nghieàn grow grew grown moïc hang hung hung treo have had had coù; duøng hear heard heard nghe hide hid hidden che giaáu hit hit hit ñuïng hold held held caàm,naém,toå chöùc hurt hurt hurt laøm ñau keep kept kept giöõ know knew known bieát lay laid laid ñaët, ñeå lead led led daãn daét learn* learnt learnt hoïc leave left left rôøi khoûi lend lent lent cho möôïn let let let ñeå cho lose lost lost ñaùnh maát make made made laøm mean meant meant nghóa laø meet met met gaëp overcome overcame overcome vöôït qua pay paid paid traû tieàn put put put ñaët, ñeå quit quit quit thoaùt ra Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 37 read read read ñoïc ride rode ridden cöôõi, ñaïp xe ring rang rung reo, rung rise rose risen nhoâ,moäc leân run ran run chaïy say said said noùi seek sought sought tìm kieám sell sold sold baùn send sent sent göûi ñi set set set xeáp ñaët shake shook shaken laéc shoot shot shot baén shut shut shut ñoùng laïi sing sang sung haùt sink sank sunk chìm, ñaém sit sat sat ngoài sleep slept slept nguû slide slid slid tröôït ñi smell* smelt smelt ngöûi speak spoke spoken noùi speed sped sped taêng toác spell spelt spelt ñaùnh vaàn spend spent spent tieâu xaøi spill spilt spilt traøn ra spread spread spread lan truyeàn stand stood stood ñöùng sting stung stung chích, ñoát strike struck struck ñaùnh swear swore sworn theà sweep swept swept queùt swim swam swum bôi, loäi swing swung swung ñaùnh ñu take took taken caàm, naém teach taught taught daïy tear tore torn xeù raùch tell told told baûo, keå think thought thought suy nghó Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 38 throw threw thrown neùm thrust thrust thrust aán maïnh understand understood understood hieåu wake woke woken ñaùnh thöùc wear wore worn maëc, ñoäi weave wove woven deät weep wept wept khoùc wet wet wet laøm öôùt win won won thaéng write wrote written vieát * Coù theå theâm “ed” ñeå thaønh laäp V2/3.
☺  Chuùc caùc em thaønh coâng!!!ù ù øù ù øù ù ø Töø vöïng – Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 10 CTC Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 39 MUÏC LUÏC Trang UNIT 1: A DAY IN THE LIFE OF ... .............................................................1 UNIT 2: SCHOOL TALKS .............................................................................3 UNIT 3: PEOPLE’S BACKGROUND ...........................................................5 UNIT 4: SPEACIAL EDUCATION ...............................................................7 UNIT 5: TECHNOLOGY AND YOU .............................................................9 UNIT 6: AN EXURSION ...............................................................................11 UNIT 7: THE MASS MEDIA .......................................................................13 UNIT 8: THE STORY OF MY VILLAGE ...................................................15 UNIT 9: UNDERSEA WORLD .....................................................................17 UNIT 10: CONSERVATION ........................................................................20 UNIT 11: NATIONAL PARKS .....................................................................22 UNIT 12: MUSIC ...........................................................................................24 UNIT 13: FILMS AND CINEMA .................................................................26 UNIT 14: THE WORLD CUP .......................................................................28 UNIT 15: CITIES ..........................................................................................30 UNIT 16: HISTORICAL PLACES ...............................................................32 PHUÏ LUÏC: ÑOÄNG TÖØ BAÁT QUY TAÉC THÖÔØNG GAËP.............................35