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PӝWWӹOӋWKtFKKӧSÿӇÿҥWWӹOӋFkQÿӕLD[LWDPLQWURQJNKҭXSKҫQ - %LӋQSKiS Eә VXQJ D[LW DPLQ WәQJKӧSKLӋQ QD\ ÿDQJÿѭӧF Vӱ GөQJNKi UӝQJ UmL&iFD[LW DPLQJLӟLKҥQÿѭӧFVҧQ[XҩWEҵQJFKӃSKҭP WәQJKӧSKyDKӑF KRһFYLVLQKYұWKӑFGѭӟLGҥQJ'/- axit amin và L- a[LWDPLQ9ӅPһWGLQKGѭӥQJ WKuFiFD[LWDPLQWәQJKӧSFyWKӇNKiFYӟLFiFD[LWDPLQÿѭӧFJLҧLSKyQJWӯSURWHLQ WKӭFăQWURQJTXiWUuQKWLrXKyDQKѭQJFiFORҥLD[LWDPLQQj\FyWKӇÿiSӭQJÿѭӧF QKXFҫXWҥRÿLӅXNLӋQGӉGjQJFKRYLӋFVҧQ[XҩWPӝWNKӕLOѭӧQJWKӭFăQOӟQFyJLi WUӏFDR1KѭYұ\ÿӇ[iFÿӏQKQKXFҫXGLQKGѭӥQJFkQÿӕLFKROӧQWKuSKҧL[iFÿӏQK ÿѭӧFWӹOӋFiFD[LWDPLQKӧSOêFӫDSURWHLQOêWѭӣQJ 18 3URWHLQOêW˱ͧQJWURQJNḴXSK̯QăQFKROͫQWK͓W .KiLQL͏PSURWHLQOêW˱ͧQJYj JLͣLK̩QD[LWDPLQWKL͇W\͇X - 3URWHLQOêWѭӣQJFyFKӭDWҩWFҧFiFD[LWDPLQÿ~QJEҵQJWӹ OӋPjOӧQ\rX FҫX FNJQJ Fy QJKƭD UҵQJ JLi WUӏ VLQK YұW KӑF FӫD SURWHLQ Oê WѭӣQJ Oj FDR QKҩW (a 3URWHLQ Oê WѭӣQJ Oj SURWHLQ WәQJ Vӕ FӫD NKҭX SKҫQPj WKjQK SKҫQ axit DPLQFӫDQyFy Wӹ OӋFkQÿӕLSKKӧSYӟLQKXFҫX WәQJKӧSÿӇFҩX WKjQKPӝWFѫ TXDQWәFKӭFFѫWKӇKD\PӝWFKӭFQăQJVLQKOêQKѭGX\WUuWăQJWUѭӣQJP{QҥF PDQJWKDLYjWLӃWVӳD&kQEҵQJD[LWDPLQWURQJSURWHLQOêWѭӣQJFKӑQO\VLQHOjP WKDPFKLӃXKjP OѭӧQJ O\VLQHÿѭӧFFRL Oj Wӹ OӋFiFD[LW DPLQNKiF[iFÿӏQK WKHRFӫDO\VLQH%ӣLYuO\VLQHOj\ӃXWӕKҥQFKӃWKӭQKҩWWURQJNKҭXSKҫQWKӵFWӃ FyQKXFҫXFDRKѫQFiFD[LWDPLQWKLӃW\ӃXNKiFYjNK{QJWKDPJLDFiFFKӭFQăQJ NKiFQJRjLFKӭFQăQJVLQKWәQJKӧSSURWHLQ$[LWDPLQWKѭӡQJ[iFÿӏQKӣGҥQJOӧL GөQJ ÿѭӧF D[LW DPLQ WLrX KyD KRһF WLrX KyD KӗL WUjQJ+ӑF YLӋQ.ӻ WKXұW FKăQ QX{LOӧQFӫD3KiS>GүQWKHR9NJ'X\*LҧQJ>@ÿmFKRELӃWPүXFkQ EҵQJD[LWDPLQWLrXKyDWURQJSURWHLQ OêWѭӣQJFӫDOӧQÿDQJVLQKWUѭӣQJOjO\VLQH 100%, methionine 30%, Met+Cystine 60%, threonine 65% và tryptophan 18%. Bikker và cs (1994a)[60] FNJQJ ÿѭD ra nhu FҫX lysine cho OӧQ WKӏW giai ÿRҥQ sinh WUѭӣQJ Wӯ 6,5 - 7,5g lysine/100g protein Fѫ WKӇ 7URQJÿyF\VWLQHFyWKӇFKLӃPWӟL QKXFҫXFӫDFiFD[LWDPLQFyFKӭDOѭXKXǤQKYjW\URVLQHFKLӃPQKXFҫX D[LW DPLQ Fy FKӭD PҥFK YzQJ 9u D[LW DPLQ F\VWHLQ Fy WKӇ WҥR WURQJ Fѫ WKӇ Wӯ PHWKLRQLQHFzQW\URVLQWӯSKHQ\ODODQLQHGRÿyFiFWiFJLҧÿmÿӅ[XҩWKӋVӕFKX\ӇQ ÿәLPHWKLRQLQH F\VWLQH 7URQJWKӵFWӃNK{QJFyEҩWNǤPӝWORҥLQJX\rQ OLӋX WKӭFăQQjRPjSURWHLQFӫDQyÿѭӧFFRL Oj Oê WѭӣQJQJX\rQQKkQ OjGRKjP OѭӧQJFiFD[LWDPLQWKLӃW\ӃXWURQJWKӭFăQOX{QWKҩSKѫQQKXFҫXÿӝQJYұW&KӍFy WUӭQJYӟLJLi WUӏ VLQKYұWKӑFaYjVӳDPҽQyLFKXQJÿѭӧFFRL Oj³SURWHLQ Oê WѭӣQJ´WURQJÿyFyVӳDOӧQQiLOjWKӭFăQWӕWQKҩWFKROӧQFRQĈӇ[k\GӵQJFiFP{ KuQKSURWHLQ Oê WѭӣQJWURQJWKӭFăQQX{LÿӝQJYұWQJѭӡLWDÿѭDUDNKiLQLӋPD[LW DPLQJLӟLKҥQ 19 - $[LWDPLQWKLӃW\ӃXJLӟLKҥQOjQKӳQJD[LWDPLQWKLӃW\ӃXFyWURQJWKӭFăQӣ PӭFWKҩSKѫQQKXFҫXÿӝQJYұWOjPFKRKLӋXTXҧVӱGөQJSURWHLQFӫDWKӭFăQJLҧP ÿL0ӭFÿӝJLӟLKҥQFӫDPӛLD[LWDPLQNK{QJSKҧLGRVӕOѭӧQJQytWKD\QKLӅXVR YӟLFiF D[LW DPLQNKiFPj OjGR tWKD\QKLӅXVRYӟLQKXFҫXFӫDFѫ WKӇJLD V~F .KiLQLӋPD[LWDPLQJLӟLKҥQNK{QJSKҧLOjEҩWELӃQYjFӕÿӏQKYӟLPӑLORҥLWKӭFăQ PjQyWKD\ÿәL WKHRORҥLKuQKNKҭXSKҫQ WKtGөӣORҥLKuQKNKҭXSKҫQQJ{ÿұX WѭѫQJFKROӧQWKuO\VLQHOjD[LWDPLQJLӟLKҥQWKӭQKҩWPHWKLRQLQHOjD[LWDPLQJLӟL KҥQWKӭKDLĈӇNKҳFSKөFVӵJLӟLKҥQQj\WURQJNKҭXSKҫQQJѭӡLWDSKҧLEәVXQJ ORҥLWKӭFăQFyKjPOѭӧQJD[LWDPLQJLӟLKҥQFDRKѫQÿӇEÿҳSWKLӃXKөWKRһFGQJ D[LWDPLQWәQJKӧSÿӇEәVXQJYjRNKҭXSKҫQOjPFKRWӹ OӋD[LWDPLQWURQJNKҭX SKҫQFjQJViWYӟLWӹOӋFӫDPүXSURWHLQOêWѭӣQJWKuFjQJWӕW - 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ĈӕL YӟL QKX FҫX WU\SWRSKDQ :DQJ Yj )XOOHU >124]; Fuller và cs (1989)[76@FKRELӃWѬӟFWtQKQKXFҫX WU\SWRSKDQEҵQJ-VRYӟLO\VLQHĈӃQ QăP  FNJQJ FKtQK Kӑ NӃW OXұQ QKX FҫX ÿy EҵQJ .LUFKJHVVQHU Yj 5RWK 31 (1985)[133]; Schutte và cs (1988)[117@OҥLFKRUҵQJQKXFҫXWU\SWRSKDQEҵQJ O\VLQHWәQJVӕJLӕQJYӟLNKX\ӃQFiRFӫD$5&1981) [56]. Guzik và cs (2005a)[84@ ÿm [iF ÿӏQKQKX FҫX FӫD WU\SWRSKDQ FKR OӧQ VLQK WUѭӣQJÿѭӧFFKRăQNKҭXSKҫQQJ{NK{ÿұXWѭѫQJYjÿұX&DQDGDĈӕLYӟLOӧQFy NKӕLOѭӧQJNJOѭӧQJQLWѫWURQJKX\ӃWWKDQKJLҧPNKLOѭӧQJWU\SWRSKDQWLrXKRi WăQJWӯ± 7ӯWtQKWRiQKӗLTX\ÿm[iFÿӏQKQKXFҫXWU\SWRSKDQWLrXKRi WӕLѭXOjWѭѫQJÿѭѫQJWU\SWRSKDQWәQJVӕÿӇFyOѭӧQJQLWѫKX\ӃW WKDQK Oj WKҩSQKҩW7ѭѫQJ WӵQKѭYұ\ÿӕLYӟL OӧQFyNKӕL OѭӧQJNJNKL OѭӧQJ WU\SWRSKDQ WLrX KRi WăQJ Wӯ - SKkQ WtFK KӗL TX\ FKR WKҩ\ QKX FҫX WU\SWRSKDQ WLrXKRi WӕLѭX OjWѭѫQJÿѭѫQJ WU\SWRSKDQ WәQJVӕ VӁ OjPJLҧPWKҩSQKҩWOѭӧQJQLWѫFӫDKX\ӃWWKDQK 9LӋF [iF ÿӏQK QKX FҫX WU\SWRSKDQ FӫD OӧQ Yӛ EpR FKѭD Fy F{QJ WUuQK QjR QJKLrQFӭXWURQJJLDLÿRҥQWUѭӟFQăP*X]LNYjFVD>4@ÿmWK{QJEiR UҵQJ VLQK WUѭӣQJ Yj KLӋX VXҩW Vӱ GөQJ WKӭF ăQ FӫD OӧQ WăQJ WKHR YLӋF Eә VXQJ WU\SWRSKDQWURQJNKҭXSKҫQWURQJNKLÿyOѭӧQJQLWѫFӫDKX\ӃWWKDQKJLҧP7ӯÿy FiFWiFJLҧFNJQJÿm[iFÿӏQKÿѭӧFQKXFҫXWU\SWRSKDQWLrXKRiFKROӧQJLDLÿRҥQYӛ EpRNKӕLOѭӧQJWӯ± NJOjWѭѫQJÿѭѫQJYӟLWU\SWRSKDQWәQJ Vӕ.KLVӱGөQJNKҭXSKҫQQJ{YjEӝWO{QJYNJFQJYӟLYLӋFQJKLrQFӭXYӅQLWѫFӫD KX\ӃWWKDQKQKѭOjWLrXFKXҭQWѭѫQJӭQJÿӇ[iFÿӏQKQKXFҫXWU\SWRSKDQWLrXKRiÿm [iFÿӏQKÿѭӧFQKXFҫXFӫDOӧQNKӕLOѭӧQJWӯ± NJOj.ӃWTXҧQj\JҫQ WѭѫQJӭQJYӟLNӃWTXҧFӫDFiFQKjNKRDKӑFWUѭӡQJÿҥLKӑc Missouri (Kendall và cs (2004)[90@ÿmFKRUҵQJWӹOӋWU\SWRSKDQWLrXKRiVRYӟLO\VLQHWӕLWKLӇXSKҧLOj QKѭQJNK{QJYѭӧWTXiÿӕLYӟLOӧQFyNKӕLOѭӧQJWӯ± 125 kg. O. Connell và cs (2006) [131@FKRNӃWTXҧӣWӹ OӋWKUHRQLQHO\VLQHOjFҧ JLDLÿRҥQVLQKWUѭӣQJYjYӛEpR. Chang-Yeu Liu, ATIT- ĈjL/RDQ[68@FNJQJ FKӭQJPLQKWӹ OӋ WKUHRQLQHO\VLQHOjFKROӧQӣJLDLÿRҥQYӛEpRYӟLFQJ NKҭXSKҫQSURWHLQ NKҭXSKҫQNK{QJFyEӝWFi WKu WăQJ WUӑQJ Wӹ OӋQҥFFDR KѫQ3YjWLrXWӕQWKӭFăQWKҩSKѫQ3VRYӟLWӹOӋWKUHRQLQHO\VLQHOj 63% (theo NRC, 1989[109]). 32 Jansman và cs (2007)[90@ QJKLrQ FӭX NKҭX SKҫQ WKҩS SURWHLQ WK{  QӃX QkQJWӹOӋWU\SWRSKDQO\VLQHWKuVӁFҧLWKLӋQÿѭӧFWKXQKұQWKӭFăQYjWăQJWUѭӣQJ JFRQQJj\VRYӟLNKҭXSKҫQSURWHLQYjWӹOӋWU\SWRSKDQO\VLQHWKҩSKѫQ 7әQJNӃWFiFQJKLrQFӭXWURQJWKұSNӹJҫQÿk\FyWKӇWKҩ\ UҵQJÿӕLYӟLOӧQ NJWӹOӋWU\SWRSKDQO\VLQHWӕLѭXFKRWKXQKұQWKӭFăQWăQJWUѭӣQJYjFKLSKt WKӭFăQOjFKӭNK{QJSKҧLQKѭNRC (1998)[109@GүQWKHR.1DNDJDZD and K.Watanabe (2008)[95]. 1KXFҫXYӅFiFD[LWDPLQFyFKӭDOѭXKXǤQK6$$ÿѭӧFWK{QJEiRWҥL+ӝL QJKӏ%DQII3RUNQăP3HDN[112@7URQJÿyQKXFҫXYӅFiFD[LWDPLQ FKӭDOѭXKXǤQKFKRPӝWÿѫQYӏWăQJNKӕLOѭӧQJJҫQQKѭOjNK{QJÿәLJLӳa các lô WKtQJKLӋP7X\QKLrQNKLWtQKYӅWӹOӋFiFD[LWDPLQFKӭDOѭXKXǤQKWLrXKRiYj O\VLQH6$$/\VFiF WiFJLҧFNJQJÿӅQJKӏ Wӹ OӋÿyOj&iFEiRFiRWLӃSWKHR ÿѭӧF WLӃQKjQK WҥL WUѭӡQJĈҥLKӑF0LVVRXULӣJLӕQJ OӧQFy Wӹ OӋQҥFFDRKѫQYӟL NKҭXSKҫQFѫVӣQJ{± NK{ÿұXWѭѫQJWKuVLQKWUѭӣQJYjKLӋXVXҩWVӱGөQJWKӭFăQ ÿҥWFDRQKҩWNKLWӹOӋ6$$/\VWӯ± 0,62 (Gaines và cs, 2004 abcd) [80-83]. 1JKLrQ FͱX Y͉ QKX F̯X FͯD ,VROHXFLQH CiF QJKLrQ FӭX YӅ QKX FҫX FӫD LVROHXFLQHÿӕLYӟLOӧQÿѭӧFWLӃQKjQKÿmWӯOkXKLӃPKRLYjUҩWNKy[iFÿӏQK+LӋQ QD\QKLӅXWKtQJKLӋPÿmÿѭӧFWLӃQKjQKVӱGөQJEӝWPiXQKѭOjQJXӗQWKLӃXKөW LVROHXFLQHÿӇ[iFÿӏQKQKXFҫXLVROHXFLQHFKROӧQĈӕLYӟLOӧQFRQYjOӧQYӛEpR Kerr và cs (1995) [92@ÿmFKӍUDUҵQJWӹOӋEӝWPiXVӱGөQJWURQJNKҭXSKҫQNKӣL ÿӝQJFKR OӧQFRQ OjYjNKҭXSKҫQFKR OӧQVLQK WUѭӣQJ OjYӟLÿLӅXNLӋQ SKҧL ÿiS ӭQJ ÿӫ QKX FҫX LVROHXFLQHĈӕL YӟL OӧQ VLQK WUѭӣQJ NKҭX SKҫQ QJ{ Fy FKӭD  NK{ ÿҫX ÿұX WѭѫQJ Yj  EӝW PiX Fy Eә VXQJ WKrP D[LW DPLQ LVROHXFLQHÿӇ[iFÿӏQKQKXFҫXFӫDLVROHXFLQH1KXFҫXLVROHXFLQHWLrXKRiÿmÿѭӧF [iFÿӏQKOjFӫDNKҭXSKҫQWѭѫQJÿѭѫQJJDP0FDOQăQJOѭӧQJWUDR ÿәL QKXFҫXQj\FDRKѫQFK~W tWVRYӟLÿӅ[XҩWFӫDNRC (1998)[109@ĈӕLYӟL OӧQYӛ EpRNKҭXSKҫQQJ{FyFKӭDEӝWPiXQKѭOjQJXӗQFXQJFҩSSURWHLQYjWăQJGҫQ WӹOӋLVROHXFLQHÿѭӧFVӱGөQJÿӇ[iFÿӏQKQKXFҫXLVROHXFLQH7URQJNKLÿy.HQGDOO và cs (2004a) [91@ÿmWK{QJEiRQKXFҫXLVROHXFLQHWLrXKRiKѫLFDRKѫQ 33 0͙LTXDQK͏FkQE̹QJJLͷDFiFD[LWDPLQWKL͇W\͇X .KL VR ViQK JLӳD 15& Yj WLrX FKXҭQ FӫD FiF QѭӟF FKkX ÆX Wӹ OӋ WU\SWRSKDQO\VLQHFӫDFiFQѭӟFFKkXÆX WKѭӡQJFDRKѫQ9DQ&DXZHnberghe and Relandeau (2000)[128@FKRUҵQJÿӕLYӟLOӧQFyNKӕLOѭӧQJWӯ± NJNKLFKRăQ NKҭXSKҫQFѫEҧQ\ӃQPҥFK-PǤWӹ OӋWU\SWRSKDQ\VLQHOjVӁFKRVLQKWUѭӣQJ WӕLѭX.KLVӱGөQJNKҭXSKҫQÿұX- \ӃQPҥFKYjQJ{(GHUYjFV >Gүn theo Tran Van Phung (1998)[123@FKRUҵQJQKXFҫXWU\SWRSKDQWLrXKRiÿӕLYӟLOӧQVLQK WUѭӣQJYjYӛEpRWӯ± NJFyWKӇFDRKѫQFiFWLrXFKXҭQKLӋQKjQK%ӣLYұ\ PӝWWKtQJKLӋPÿѭӧFWLӃQKjQKӣ&DQDGDWUrQOӧQFyNKӕLOѭӧQJWӯ± NJNKLVӱ GөQJQJX\rQOLӋXWKӭFăQFӫDFKkXÆXNKҭXSKҫQEDRJӗP\ӃQPҥFKPǤPӝWtW QJ{ Yj NK{QJ Vӱ GөQJ ÿұX WѭѫQJ .KҭX SKҫQ ÿѭӧF Eӕ WUt YӟL FiF Wӹ OӋ tryptophan/lysine và threonine/lysine khác nhau (Guzik và cs, 2005b)[85@.ӃWTXҧ FӫDWKtQJKLӋPFKRWKҩ\NKLWăQJWӹOӋ7KUHRQLQH/\VLQHWӯOrQWKuFyWiF ÿӝQJUҩW tWÿӃQVLQKWUѭӣQJFӫDOӧQ7X\QKLrQNKL WăQJWӹ OӋ WU\SWRSKDQO\VLQHWӯ OrQWKuOҥLFyWiFÿӝQJOӟQ'ӵDWUrQFiFNӃWTXҧQJKLrQFӭXWUѭӟFÿk\ WKҩ\UҵQJPӝWWURQJKDLPӭFÿmÿiSӭQJÿѭӧFQKXFҫXWU\SWRSKDQ:DUQDQWVYjFV (1989)[126@FNJQJFKӭQJPLQK UҵQJÿӕL YӟL OӧQFyNKӕL OѭӧQJ Wӯ± 20 kg, sinh WUѭӣQJFӫDOӧQNK{QJFyVӵWKD\ÿәLNKLEәVXQJWUrQPӭFWU\SWRSKDQWLrX KRiYjYLӋFEә VXQJ WU\SWRSKDQFNJQJNK{QJ FyKLӋXTXҧNKLNKҭXSKҫQ WKLӃXKөW WKUHRQLQH7X\QKLrQVLQKWUѭӣQJYjOѭӧQJWKӭFăQWLrXWKөFӫDOӧQÿѭӧFFҧLWKLӋQ U}UӋWNKLWăQJWӹOӋWKUHRQLQHO\VLQHOrQ6ӵNKiFQKDXYӅNӃWTXҧQJKLrQFӭX FӫD:DUQDQWVYjFV>126] và Guzik và cs (2005b) [85@OjUҩWNKyJLҧLWKtFK WUӯNKL FҧKDLWKtQJKLӋPQj\VӱGөQJNKҭXSKҫQWѭѫQJWӵQKDXYjWUrQÿӕLWѭӧQJ OӧQFyFQJNKӕLOѭӧQJ Le Floc ¶ h (2005) [130@FKRUҵQJWU\SWRSKDQOjD[LWDPLQWKLӃW\ӃXWURQJWәQJ KӧSSURWHLQWKuNKLEәVXQJWӹOӋWU\SWRSKDQ lysine OjӣOӧQFRQWKuWăQJWUѭӣQJ YjFKX\ӇQKyDWKӭFăQÿҥWWӕLѭXYjYLӋFEәVXQJ/-WU\SWRSKDQJL~SKLӋXTXҧWăQJ WUѭӣQJWӕWQKҩWFKROӧQFRQ 34 ĈiQKJLi Wͽ O͏ WKtFK KͫSJLͷDFiFD[LW DPLQ VR YͣL O\VLQH WURQJQJX\rQ Oê « 3URWHLQOêW˱ͧQJª: ĈӕLYӟLPHWKLRQLQH + cystine theo ARC (1981)[56]; Baker và cs (1969) [59@WtQKOjVRYӟLO\VLQH7ӹOӋÿyWKҩSKѫQQKLӅXVRYӟLNKX\ӃQFiR JҫQÿk\FӫD*LLQWKHUYjBadewien (1987)[132]; Roth và Kirchgessner (1987)[115]; Fuller và cs (1989)[77], Wang và Fuller (1990) [125]; Batterham (1992)[60]; Chung và Baker (1992b)[70], ciFWiFJLҧQj\FKRELӃWWӹOӋJLӳDPHWKLRQLQHF\VWLQHOj- VRYӟLO\VLQHFKRWtFKONJ\SURWHLQFDRÿӕLYӟLOӧQÿDQJVLQKWUѭӣQJ ARC (1981)[56@FNJQJFKRELӃWQKXFҫXWKUHRQLQHFӫDOӧQFKRDLOjPӭFVR YӟL O\VLQH. Giinther và Badewien (1987)[132] FNJQJ FKR ELӃW Wӹ OӋ FkQ EҵQJ WKUHRQLQHO\VLQHFӫDOӧQFKRDLEҵQJQKѭQJ:DQJYj)XOOHU>124]; Fuller và cs (1989) [77@FKRUҵQJWӹ OӋQj\FDRKѫQOj-7URQJNKLÿyFNJQJ:DQJYj Fuller (1990) [125@OҥLÿLӅXFKӍQKWӹOӋWKUHRQLQHO\VLQHOj0ӝWWKtQJKLӋPFӫD KmQJ$MLQRPRWRWKӵFKLӋQWUrQOӧQӣJLDLÿRҥQVLQKWUѭӣQJ-NJYjJLDLÿRҥQYӛ béo (50-NJYӟLNKҭXSKҫQGӵDWUrQQӅQQJ{± NK{ÿӛWѭѫQJFyFiFPӭFSURWHLQOê WѭӣQJNKiFQKDXWӯÿӃQNKҭXSKҫQEәVXQJD[LWDPLQWәQJKӧSÿӇÿҧPEҧR câQÿӕLWKHRPүXFӫD$5&1981)[56] và Fuller (1989)[77] là lysine/protein thô 7%; tryptophan/lysine 18%; Met + Cys/lysine 63%; Threonine/lysine 65% và LVROHFLQHO\VLQHWKuNӃWTXҧWăQJWUѭӣQJYjKLӋXTXҧOӧLGөQJWKӭFăQFӫDOӧQÿӵF KD\OӧQFiLWKLӃQÿѭӧFFҧLWKLӋQNKLWăQJPӭFSURWHLQOêWѭӣQJ 1JKLrQFͱXY͉̫QKK˱ͧQJFͯDPͱFSURWHLQD[LWDPLQWURQJNḴXSK̯QFͯD OͫQYͣLY̭Qÿ͉P{LWU˱ͥQJ 7KHR WjL OLӋX9NJ'X\*LҧQJ>6@FKRUҵQJFRQÿѭӡQJFKX\ӇQKyDQLWѫ 1WKҧLWLӃW1LWѫFKX\ӇQKyDWKjQKXUrWҥRUD1+3 Jk\{QKLӉPWLӇXNKtKұXFKXӗQJ QX{LOjPJLҧPWKXQKұQWKӭFăQJLҧPVӭFNKӓHYұWQX{LPӝWSKҫQ1+3 WҥR123 khi P{LWUѭӡQJFyR[\123 WURQJP{LWUѭӡQJNK{QJFyR[\WKuWҥRUD12, NO, N2O, NO2 Jk\UDKLӋXӭQJQKjNtQKYjSKҫQ123 FzQOҥLVӁQJҩPYjRQѭӟFQJҫPQӃXQӗQJÿӝ !PJOWKuJk\{QKLӉPQJXӗQQѭӟF1+3 ҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃQVӭFNKӓHOӧQNKLӣQӗQJ ÿӝ-SSPOӧQPҩWQăQJOӵFWLrXGLӋWYLNKXҭQӣSKәLӣPӭFSSPOӧQJLҧP 35 WăQJWUѭӣQJGӉEӏQKLӉPEӋQKÿѭӡQJK{KҩSQKѭQJQӃXQӗQJÿӝ1+3 là 100 ppm thì JLҧPVӵKDPăQWLӃWQKLӅXQѭӟFEӑWYjJLҧPWăQJWUӑQJWӟL Theo ARC (1981) [56@ FNJQJ FKR UҵQJ YLӋF FkQ ÿӕL Wӹ OӋ D[LW DPLQ YӯD ÿӫ WURQJ NKҭX SKҫQ OӧQ VLQK WUѭӣQJ Oj J O\VLQH J PHWKLRQLQHF\VLQH J threonine, 10g tryptophan, 49g valine, 34g phenylalanine+tyrosine, 23g histine, 38g isoleusine, 70g leucine/ kg protein và T.K. Chung và Baker (1992a)[69@ Wӹ OӋFkQ EҵQJFiFD[LWDPLQWѭѫQJӭQJ-86-70-22-86-125-25-78-114g leucine /kg protein VӁFKRKLӋXTXҧFKăQQX{LFDRKҥQFKӃYLӋFÿjRWKҧLQLWѫUDQJRjLP{LWUѭӡQJ /DWLPLHU  GүQ WKHR 9NJ 'X\ *LҧQJ >@ FKR ELӃW NKҭX SKҫQ WKҩS SURWHLQ WK{JLҧPWӯFzQJLDLÿRҥQVLQKWUѭӣQJYjJLҧPFzQ 13,5% (JLDLÿRҥQ YӛEpR) WKuQLWURJHQWKҧLWLӃWTXDQѭӟFWLӇXJLҧPYjQLWURJHQ NK{QJNKtJLҧP Kerr (1995)[92@WәQJNӃWWKtQJKLӋPWUrQOӧQWKӏWFKRWKҩ\ FӭJLҧPSURWHLQWK{WKuOѭӧQJQLWѫWKҧLWLӃWJLҧPUDQJRjLP{LWUѭӡQJ. +LӋQQD\ WURQJFKăQQX{L OӧQWұSWUXQJ WKӭFăQKӛQKӧSÿmÿѭӧFVӱGөQJ WLӋQOӧLYjÿҥWKLӋXTXҧWѭѫQJÿӕLWӕW7X\QKLrQNKLQX{L OӧQWKӏWWKѭӡQJiSGөQJ FKӃÿӝWӵGROӧQăQÿѭӧFQKLӅXKѫQQrQOѭӧQJFKҩWWKҧLVҧQUDFNJQJUҩWQKLӅX9u Yұ\YLӋFÿjRWKҧLQLWѫWӯFiFWUDQJWUҥLFKăQQX{LÿmYjÿDQJOjPӕLÿHGӑDQJKLrP WUӑQJÿӕLYӟLVӭFNKӓHFRQQJѭӡLEӣLVӵ{QKLӉPÿҩWYjQJXӗQQѭӟFKornegay và Harper (1997)[99@FNJQJFKRELӃWOӧQăQWKӭFăQF{QJQJKLӋSFyKLӋXVXҩWVӱGөQJN, &DYj3OҫQOѭӧWOj-55%, 30-50% và 20-«YjWӹOӋWKҧLUDP{LWUѭӡQJOj- ÿӕLYӟLQLWѫ-FDQ[LYjSKRWSKR9u WKӃPj Wӹ OӋFKҩW WKҧLFӫDQJjQK FKăQQX{LOӧQOjUҩWOӟQYjOjQJX\rQQKkQJk\{QKLӉPP{LWUѭӡQJKӃWVӭFQJKLrP WUӑQJ ӣ FiF WUDQJ WUҥL FKăQ QX{L OӧQ %ULGJHV Yj FV 5)[63] và Carter và cs (1996)[67@FKR WKҩ\YLӋF WKҧLQLWѫFy WKӇJLҧP-QӃXGQJNKҭXSKҫQQJ{- NK{ÿұXWѭѫQJYӟLPӭFSURWHLQJLҧPYjFyEәVXQJO\sine, threonine, tryptophan và methionine. Kerr và Easter (1995)[92@ ÿӅ[XҩWJLҧPÿLSURWHLQ WK{ӣNKҭX SKҫQFyNӃWKӧSEәVXQJD[LWDPLQWәQJQLWѫPҩWTXDSKkQQѭӟFWLӇXFyWKӇJLҧP 1JѭӧFOҥLVӱGөQJQJX\rQOLӋXFyFKҩW OѭӧQJSURWHLQ WKҩSEӝW O{QJOӧQ WKӫ\ SKkQ WăQJÿiQJNӇ WKҧLQLWѫ .RUQHJD\ (1978b)[98@1JRjL UDNKҭXSKҫQ[ѫFDR 36 OjP JLҧP KLӋX TXҧ Vӱ GөQJ QLWѫ Kornegay (1978a)[97]). Henry và Dourmad (1992)[88@WK{QJEiRÿӕLYӟLOӧQFKRDL± YӛEpRFӭPӛLJLҧPKӋVӕWLrXWӕQ WKӭFăQWKuJLҧPQLWѫWKҧLUD 7UrQWKӃJLӟLFiFQKjNKRDKӑFÿmFyFKLӃQOѭӧFFKăQQX{LÿӇJLҧPYLӋFWKҧL NKtJk\KLӋXӭQJQKjNtQKWӯOӧQӢ&DQDGDѭӟFWtQKWKҧLNKtQKjNtQKWӯOӧQQăP OjWҩQ&22, QKѭQJQăPOjWҩQ&22 ÿѭѫQJOѭӧQJ / QăP 1JX\ӉQ.LPĈѭӡQJ >@). Murhn và Susenbeth (1995)[108@ÿmFKӍ UD UҵQJ JLҧPSURWHLQWURQJNKҭXSKҫQ FyWKӇJLҧPWKҧLQLWѫQKLӅXWӟLYLӋFFXQJ FҩSNKҭXSKҫQ WKҩSSURWHLQQj\QKѭQJSKҧLFkQÿӕL WKtFKKӧSQӗQJÿӝD[LWDPLQ Misselbrook và cs (1998)[107@ FNJQJ WKҩ\ UҵQJ  FӫD FiF FKҩW WKҧL QLWѫ ÿѭӧF FKX\ӇQKyDWKjQK12O. Atakora và cs (2003)[58@FKRELӃWNKLFKROӧQYӛEpR NJăQNKҭXSKҫQ FySURWHLQWK{YjPӝWNKҭXSKҫQFySURWHLQFkQEҵQJD[LWDPLQWKLӃW \ӃXWUrQQӅQQJX\rQOLӋXJӗPEӝWO~DPǤO~DPҥFKYjÿұXWѭѫQJWKuOѭӧQJQLWѫWKҧL UDWURQJQѭӟFWLӇXWKҩSKѫQOѭӧQJ&22 VLQKUDJLҧPR[\WLrXWKөJLҧP và CH4 WKҧLUDWKҩSKѫQVRYӟLNKҭXSKҫQFyWӹOӋSURWHLQ Le và cs (2005) [103@ÿmFKRELӃt protein trong khҭu phҫn là nguӗn tiӅn chҩt FѫEҧn tҥo ra các hӧp chҩWPLNKiFQKDXWURQJÿѭӡng tiêu hóa và trong phân lӧn. &iFQJKLrQFͱXͱQJGͭQJD[LWDPLQW͝QJKͫSWURQJFKăQQX{LOͫQ 1JNJFӕFOj WKӭFăQFѫEҧQFKROӧQ&iFORҥL WKӭFăQQj\FҫQSKҧLÿѭӧFEә VXQJSURWHLQYLWDPLQYjFKҩWNKRiQJ1JD\WӯQăP)XOOHUYjFV>76@ÿm[iF ÿӏQKUҵQJPөFÿtFKFӫDYLӋFEәVXQJSURWHLQQKҵPFXQJFҩSWKrPSURWHLQWәQJVӕ WURQJ WKӭFăQYjJLҧPVӵ WKLӃXKөWFiFD[LWDPLQ WKLӃW \ӃX WURQJSURWHLQQJNJFӕF &iF WiF JLҧ ÿm SKiW KLӋQ UD UҵQJ YLӋF Eә VXQJ  D[LW DPLQ JLӟL KҥQ ÿҫX tiên có QKӳQJKLӋXTXҧWӕWQKҩW&өWKӇNKLEәVXQJWKrPJDP/-O\VLQHNJWKӭFăQYj 1,2 g L-WKUHRQLQHNJWKӭFăQQkQJKjPOѭӧQJFӫDKDLD[LWDPLQQj\WURQJWKӭFăQ OrQYjJDPNJ WKӭFăQÿm OjPFKRYLӋFÿjR WKҧLQLWѫFӫDQѭӟF WLӇX[XӕQJ WKҩSQKҩWSCA, 1987[118], William, I.H (1980)[127@FNJQJÿӅ[XҩWWӹOӋO\VLQHQăQJ 37 OѭӧQJWLrXKRiÿӕLYӟLOӧQFRQWӯVѫVLQKÿӃQNJOjJDPWӯ- 20 kg là 0,67 JDPWӯ- 50 kg là 0,64g/ MJ DE vjWӯ- 90 kg là 0,51 gam. Van de Ligt và cs (2002) [129@ ÿm FKR UҵQJ ҧQK KѭӣQJ FӫD YLӋF Eә VXQJ FKURPLXPWULSLFROLQDWHYjFiFPӭFSURWHLQWURQJNKҭXSKҫQÿӃQVLQKWUѭӣQJYjWӹOӋ WKӏW [ҿ FӫD OӧQ JLDL ÿRҥQ VLQK WUѭӣQJ7Kt QJKLӋP WLӃQ KjQK WUrQ  OӧQ FiL QKӕW WURQJWӯQJFNJLULrQJELӋWFyNKӕLOѭӧQJWӯ- NJ.KҭXSKҫQFѫVӣÿѭӧFEәVXQJ &URP GѭӟL GҥQJ FKURPLXP WULSLFROLQDWH Wӯ -200 SSE Yj FiFPӭFSURWHLQ ÿiS ӭQJKRһFQKXFҫXO\VLQH.KҭXSKҫQFѫVӣQJ{± NK{ÿұXWѭѫQJÿѭӧF [k\GӵQJFyÿӫQKXFҫXYӅPXӕLNKRiQJYjYLWDPLQHQKXFҫXQăQJOѭӧQJWUDR ÿәLQKXFҫXYӅSURWHLQӣYjRNKRҧQJFKӃÿӝăQWӵGR3URWHLQEәVXQJÿӇ ÿiS ӭQJ Wӯ - QKX FҫX O\VLQH ÿѭӧF FXQJ FҩS WKrP EҵQJ SURWHLQ ÿұX WѭѫQJ phkQWiFK6ӕOLӋXYӅVLQKWUѭӣQJÿѭӧFWKHRG}LWURQJQJj\YjWLӃQKjQKPәNKҧo ViWNKLOӧQÿҥWNKӕLOѭӧQJ NJ.ӃWTXҧWKtQJKLӋPFKRWKҩ\NKLWăQJWӹOӋO\VLQH ÿmOjPWăQJVLQKWUѭӣQJWX\ӋWÿӕLJFRQQJj\YjNKӕL OѭӧQJJDQ37ӹOӋ O\VLQHFNJQJFyҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃQÿӝGj\PӥOѭQJFӫDOӧQӣYӏ WUt[ѭѫQJVѭӡQVӕ 3ӣPӭFEәVXQJQKXFҫXO\VLQH.ӃWTXҧQJKLrQFӭXYӅWKjQKSKҫQYұW FKҩWNK{WURQJFѫFKRELӃWWKHRVӵWăQJOrQFӫDWӹOӋSURWHLQOLSLWGӵDWUrQFiFPӭF WăQJ O\VLQH VӁ OjP WăQJ WKjQK SKҫQ NKRiQJ WәQJ Vӕ SURWHLQ ÿӗQJ WKӡL OjP JLҧP WX\ӃQWtQKFӫDWKjQKSKҫQOLSLW3.ӃWTXҧWKtQJKLӋPFNJQJFKRWKҩ\NKLWăQJ WӹOӋSURWHLQWURQJNKҭXSKҫQWKLӃXKөWSURWHLQOjPWăQJWtFKOXӻSURWHLQYjOjPJLҧP WtFKOXӻOLSLWӣJLDLÿRҥQOӧn sinh WUѭӣQJFyNKӕLOѭӧQJWӯ± 63kg. Thong và Liebert (2004) [122@ÿmWLӃQKjQKQJKLrQFӭXÿiQKJLiVӵWKD\ÿәL FӫDYLӋFVӱGөQJO\VLQHWURQJFiFPӭFSURWHLQNKiFQKDXÿӕLYӟLOӧQVLQKWUѭӣQJNKL VӱGөQJFiFQJXӗQWKӭFăQ JӗPPǤÿұXWѭѫQJPҧQKFKѭDTXDFKӃELӃQPҧQKÿұX WѭѫQJÿmTXD WKXӹSKkQJOXWHQQJ{ KDL ORҥLSURWHLQ ÿұX WѭѫQJÿұPÿһF 63&-1, SPC- FiF ORҥLÿұX 3LVXPYDVLXPYj9LFLD IDED&iFQJKLrQ FӭXYӅ FkQEҵQJ QLWѫWLӃQKjQKWUrQOӧQVLQKWUѭӣQJFyNKӕLOѭӧQJWӯ-NJWKXӝFWәKӧSOӧQ ODLÿӵF3LHWUDQ[FiL'XURF[/DQGUDFH/ӧQWKtQJKLӋPÿѭӧFEӕWUtWKjQKO{WKt QJKLӋPQ YӟLFiFNKҭXSKҫQăQWURQJÿyO\VLQHOjD[LWDPLQJLӟLKҥQWKӭQKҩW 38 .ӃW TXҧ QJKLrQ FӭXÿm FKӍ UD UҵQJ KLӋX VXҩW Vӱ GөQJ lysine khác nhau trong các NKҭXSKҫQFyPӭFSURWHLQNKiFQKDX.ӃWTXҧWtQKWRiQYӅQKXFҫXO\VLQHFKROӧQ VLQKWUѭӣQJNJNKӕLOѭӧQJFѫWKӇWѭѫQJӭQJYӟLKLӋXVXҩWVӱGөQJO\VLQHӣPӭF trung bình là 15,5; 18,0 và 21,10 JQJj\ÿӕLYӟLOѭӧQJSURWHLQWtFKOXӻWӯYj 160 JDPWKHR WKӭWӵWѭѫQJӭQJ.ӃWTXҧWtQKWRiQFKRWKҩ\SURWHLQ WtFK OXӻ Wӯ KRһF JDPQJj\WѭѫQJÿӕLSKKӧSYӟLNӃWTXҧFӫDFiFQJKLrQFӭXKLӋQWҥLYjFӫD NRC (1998) [109]. 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