Dạy thực hành tiếng dựa vào chủ điểm theo đường hướng kết hợp bốn kỹ năng

DAY THirc HANH TIENG DLTA V A O C H U DIEM THEO DadNG HLTdNG KET HOP BON KY N A N G Nfidm tdc gid: Phgm Thi Tdi, Nguyen Thi Vugng Le Thuy Hod, Cao Tudng Minh Phan Hodng Yen, Nguyen Bach Thdo Trdn Bdo Yen Khoa Ngon ngiif va Van hoa Anh My Trudng DHNN - DHQG Ha Noi I. Phan gidi thieu Viec tim ra mdt phuong phip day - hgc tidng ed hieu qua giiip ngudi bgc nhanh chdng lim chu dugc ngoai ngii minh theo dudi vin ludn la ndi tran trd eiia bao thd he cic nhi giio hgc phip vi cic giio vien true tidp giang day. Viec xiy dtmg chuong trinh, bien soan tii hfu cung nhu ap dting nhihig thu thuit cu thd trong Idp hgc phu thude hoan loan vio phuong phip day hgc dugc lua chgn. Phuong phip day hgc ed hieu qua phai pbil hgp vdi ddi tugng ngudi hgc cu thd va didu kidn giing day cu thd. Nhin thiJc dugc tim quan trgng cua vin dd va cung dd dip ung ddi hoi gay git ciia thi trudng tidng Anh hien nay, nhdm giio vien td thye hanh tidng n ehiing tdi da manh dan dua ra mdt md hinh day thuc hanh tidng dya vao chii didm theo phuong phip tdng hgp cic ky nang - khic vdi phuong hudng day tich biet bdn ky nang ndi - nghe - dge - vidt vin dugc ip dung nhidu nim nay. Bii vidt nay ciia chiing tdi se gidi thieu vdi cic ban quan tim nhirng uu didm eiia viec day thyc harih tidng theo phuong phip phdi hgp cic ky nang tren eo sd phin tieh ddi ehidu vdi thuc td giing day tidng Anh d giai doan eo sd tai Khoa Ngdn ngu va Van hoi Anh - My, Trudng Dai hgc ngoai ngu', Dai hgc qude gia Ha Ndi. Ddng thdi ehiing tdi cung dua ra mdt sd cich thirc thu thuit cu thd ip dung dudng hudng nay ed kem thi du minh hoa dd tien eho viec tham khao vi dinh gia. II. Diem qua cac phuong phap day tieng Anh noi chung tren the gidi Nhu da neu trong phin md diu, quan didm day phdi hgp bdn ky nang thyc hinh tidng ngiy nay cd xu hudng thay thd quan didm day tieh rdi cic ky nang. Di hidu rd nguyen nhin vi sao c6 su thay ddi niy, chiing ta ein didm qua vai net vd lieh sir cic phuong phip day thyc hanh tidng tir trudc ddn nay. Trudc hdt chiing ta cd thd dd cip ddn phuong phip NgiJ phip - Phien dich, mdt phuong phip vin ngu tri trong giio hgc phip ngoai ngir nhidu thd ky qua. Phuong phip niy cung nhu phuong phip dge, phit tridn sau nay ddu chi nhin manh vao viec phit tridn kha nang but ngiJ ciia ngudi hgc va hoan toan bd qua vai trd phit tridn khiu ngu. Mac dii ngudi hgc cd thd phin tich ngiJ phip va djch trdi chay mdt bai ngoai ngir sang tidng me de nhung hg khdng thd thyc hien dugc mdt cudc hdi thoai don gian vdi ngudi ndi ngoai ngiJ dd. Sy thit bai niy din dd^ n mdt thii eye nguge lai, dd la sira ddi ciia cic phuong phip trye tidp, nghe - ndi va 133 tinh hudng vao nhOng nam 50 d mdt sd nude trong dd cd My. Cic phuong phip nay biu hdt deu dya tren quan didm Cau Iriic - Hiuib vi (Fries, Lado va Hoeket 1957 in Freeman 1991), coi ngdn ngir don thuin la Idi ndi va viec hgc tidng la qua trinh hinh thanh va cung ed cic thdi quen, hanh vi ngdn ngir ndi. Quan didm'nay coi ngdn ngu vidt chi la sy sao chep lai ngdn ngir ndi va vi qui nhin manh vao kbau hieu "Uu lien khiu ngir di tmde mdt budc" nen vai trd cua biit nga hoan toan bj bd qua trong giai doan diu. Ngudi hgc thudng chi dugc gidi thieu eac ciu true va miu Idi ndi trong eac bai hdi thoai va ghi nhd hgc thude long ehiing trong eac bai tip chuydn ddi, thay thd lip ghep... Co thd ndi ring lit ea eac phuong phip tren ben canh nhirng uu didm nhit djnb deu cd nhidu nhuge diem vi co sd ciia eac phuong phip dd khdng dya nen quan didm diing vd ban chit ciia ngdn ngir, ban chat cua qua trinh phit tridn ngdn ngir cung nhu ban chit ciia qua trinh hgc tidng. Xui't phit diem ciia cic phuong phip dd ddu nhin manh vao vai trd cung cip kidn thu'c tidng eho ngudi hgc va nhin nhan qua trinh hgc tidng nhu qui trinh tip hgp nhung cic thanh td tach rdi ciia ngdn ngir. Chfnh vi vay, eac phuong phip nay ddu thien vd phit tridn mdt cich phidn dien eac ky nang ngdn ngir va thyc chat da phu nhin tfnh thdng nhit trong mdt tdng the ciia ngdn ngu cung nhu ban chat xa hdi, ty nhien cua ngdn ngir, mdi quan he giua ngdn ngir va van boa, vii chire nang giao tidp vd'n cd eiia nd. Ndi cich khic, cic phuong phip nay thudng nhan manh nhidu viio hinh thai ngdn ngir hon la ndi dung dugc didn dat. Hon nua, sy ip dung cic phucmg phap nay ciing eho thiy nhuge didm khdng thd trinh khdi, dd la sy bd qua tam ly eiia ngiriti hoc trong qua trinh phal Irien ngdn ngir thu bai hoae ngoai ngir. Xet vd mgi phuong dien phit tridn lu nhien, hinh thudng ciia qua trinh hgc tidng, ta nhin thiy khdng thd tieh rdi ea ky nang ngdn ngfr giura khau ngir (nghe - ndi) va biit ngir (dge - vidt) hoae giira cic ky nang tidp nhan (nghe - dge) va ky nang san sinh (ndi - vidt). Sy phit tridn ciia mdt ky nang niy ddi hdi phai cd sy bd trg ciia cic ky nang khic. Do dd viec phdi hctp day cic ky nang la thit sy ein thidt va phai dugc chu trgng. Sy ra ddi va ung dung cua quan didm giao tidp d nhirng nam 80 (Halliday. Hymes, Widdowson in Richard 1991) tren co sd nhin nhan diing din ban chit xa hdi eiia ngdn ngir va ehuc nang giao tidp ciia ngdn ngir da dap img dugc nhu ciu cua ngudi hgc. Quan didm nay phu hgp vdi quan didm coi ngdn ngir la mdt tdng thd thdng nhit (Goodman, Burke, 1977-1989) va khang dinh ring mgi y dinh tich rdi nd bang viec day va hgc cic ky nang rieng biet deu pha buy Ifnh thdng nhit lu nhien vd'n cd ciia ngdn ngu. Quan didm nay cung ngu y eho thay ngudi day can phai chii y hon vao qua trinh phit tridn tidng ciia ngudi hgc va sy can thiep ciia ngudi day phai phu hgp vdi eac qui luat tidp nhan ngdn ngO mdt cich ty nhien cua ngudi hgc. Ndi mdt cich cu thd hon, eac boat ddng day va hgc phai thyc sy mang tfnh giao tidp cd y nghia va tao didu kien thiic day ddng co ben trong ciia ngudi hgc. Nhu vay, vdi cich nhin nhan diing ddn mdi nay, vd qui trinh hgc tidng, cic phuong phip vi giio trinh dugc thidt kd cung chii trgng nhidu hem vao ndi dung bieu dat eiia ngdn ngir chii' khdng phai vao v6 vat chit hay hinh thai ngdn ngfr nhu trudc. Nhu tren da trinh bay, qui luat phit tridn eiia ngdn ngu ty nhien ddi hdi phai ed sy phdi hgp ty nhien diy du giira cac ky nilng licng nhu hai mat ciia mdt td giiy khdng thd tieh rdi. III. Ly do ciia vice ket hgp cac ky nang trong giang day thuc hanh tieng Ban chit ciia qua trinh giao tidp la truydn va nhin thdng tin. Do vay ky nang sin sinh va tidp nhan ngdn ngir la hai mat khdng thd tach rdi. Brown (1994) vf hai boat ddng nay "nhu hai mat cLia mdt ddng xu, ta khdng the tach ddng xu thanh hai phin rieng biet dugc". 134 Can cur vao ly thuycl cung nhu lien Ihirc le Inmg vice liep Ihii lidng me de (tirsllimguage aequisiton), qui trinh tidp thu ngdn ngfr lii lir nhien vii hi sy kei h(.rp hiii boa ciia ea bdn ky nang nghe, ndi, dge, vidt. Neu theo ddi qui trinh phit tridn ngdn ngfr eiia mdt dira Ire, ehiing ta ddu thiy rang (ir luc mdi sinh ra ddn ludi iririmg Ihanh hai boat ddng tidp nhan va san sinh ngdn ngfr ludn didn ra ddng thdi. Va trong sue'il qua trinh dd, hai mat tidp nhan va siin sinh ngdn ngfr cung khdng the tieh rdi. Binh thudng dira Ire ndi dugc la do dya tren nhiing md hinh ngdn ngir nghe dugc tir mdi trudng xung quanh va phin Idn cung la dd dap lai nhfmg kfeb thfch den nao qua thinh giic. Viec hgc dge va vidt khi ddn tririmg thye chit la dd liim giiui them vd'n ngdn ngfr - cdng cu dd tidp thu va lam giiiu kidn Ihire vd cu()c song, khoa hgc xa hdi va ty nhien. Nhu vjly trong sud't qui trinh pbil tridn tidng me de, dira Ire khdng eton thuan chi hgc rieng nghe, rieng ndi, rieng hgc hoae rieng viel ma bdn ky nang nay ludn dan quyen vdi nhaii, bd trg vii bd sung eho nhau. Vi vay, vice hgc ngdn ngir ibir hai cung khdng Ihd di nguge lai vdi quy luat ty nhien nay. Ngdn ngfr neii va viel (spoken imd written language) va mdi quan he mat thidt veti nhau. Neu bd qua mdi quan he nay cd nghia la la da bd mil sy phong phii da dang eiia ngdn ngfr. Mdi quan he qua lai gifra ngdn ngfr ndi va vidt la sy phiin anh lac ddng gifra ngdn ngir, van hoi va xa hdi - ydu to tao nen ddng cet ben trong eho ngudi hgc. Bang viec uu tien quan tim tdi kha nang sir dung ngdn ngir eiia ngueti hgc hon la sy nim viing hinh thii ngdn ngfr, chiing ta van dung bit ky mot ky nang nao hoae ket hgp tit ea cic ky nang trong mdt gid hgc eho phii hgp luy theo miic dfch va tinh hudng cu Ihd. Thdng thuimg, mgt ky nang thuimg bd tig vii gdp phiin ciing ed cac ky nang khic. Vf du chiing ta hgc ndi tir eai ta nghe dugc va chiing ta hgc viel bing each kiem Ira nhfmg cai ma ta cd thd dge dugc va nguge. Viec ket hgp bdn ky nang giiip eho giao vien cd didu kien phal buy tfnh sang tao, lam eho gid hgc them sinh ddng va cd sire Idi cudn hgc sinh. Thay vi bd hep theo mot kieu the hien (one mode of performance), ngudi hgc cd co hdi dd Ihd hien sy ce") gang sang tao ciia minh mdt each phong phii hon d cac nhiem vii (task) cd y nghia hon. IV. Thirc tc giang day ket hgp bdn ky nang IV. 1. Dieu kien thi/c te rV.l.a. Nhiem vii vii miie lieu eliio lao Nhiem vii eiia trudng Dai hgc ngoai ngir, Dai hgc qudc gia Hii Ndi la diio tao va cung cip nhirng cti nhin, nhfmg thiiy cd giae), nhfmg can bd ngoai ngfr chei nganh giao due, eho mgi thanh phin kinb te eiia td qudc (Nguyen Van Lgi, 1997). IV. Lb. Ddi tinmg giiing day Mdi Idp bao gdm tir 20-30 sinh vien ea nam lin nfr vdi ludi deti eon rat Ire (19-20 tudi), ri't sang tao, giau nghj lye, ed demg cc^ hgc tiip ti>l. Sinh vien da cd tir 3 den 7 nam hge tidng Anh b trudng phd thdng nen cd vd'n tir vimg vii trinh dd ngfr phap tirong ddi telt: nim vfmg cac miu ciu CO ban, cac thiti Ihd eiia etdng lir vii each chuydn etdi eac miu cau. Cic ky nang nghe, ndi, dge, vid^ t b mii'e pre - inlcmediale: cd the trinh biiy bang licng Anh dueli dang khiu ngfr va but ngir vd cic chii didm giin giii, qiicn linigc himg ngiiy. Tiiy nhien, kien thirc nen (backgrund knowledge) cua sinh vien ndi chung con nil nghco, nhiii hi nhfmg kien Ihirc ve van hoa eiia eac 135 nude ndi tidng Anh eon ril ban che. Tir Ihyc td nay, viec ket hgp cac ky nang la rit hctp ly bdi vi eac ky nang ed thd bd trg, eiing ed phal tridn lin nhau. Vf dii khi yeu cau sinh vien vidt hoae ndi mdt vin dd vd mdi tmdng thi viec eho sinh vien nghe hoae dge mdt bai vd vin dd dd la ein thidt vi sinh vien se dugc trang bj khdng nhiing vd mat ngdn ngir (tir vung, miu cau, cich thd hien) ma con dugc cung cip cic kidn thirc vd ndi dung (y tit, quan didm v. v...). rV.l.e. Ddi ngu giang day Td thyc hanh tidng nam thi} bai gdm 20 ein bd giang day nbiet tinh say me nghd nghiep, cd tinh thin trich nliiem cao trong cdng viec. Hiu hdt cic can bd ddu da qua dao tao sau dai hgc 6 nude ngoai va trong nude nen cd trinh dd ehuyen mdn vung va ed y thire ddi mdi trong phucmg phip giing day. IV. 1 .d. Cie ydu to vd mdi tmdng giang day va hgc tap Nhd ed chinh sieb "Md eira" cua Dang va Chfnh phii, ea dat nude Viet Nam ndi chung va trudng Dai hge ngoai ngu, Dai hge qudc gia ndi rieng dang budc vao giai doan phit tridn mdi. Nhidu quan he vdi cac nude tren thd gidi da va dang dugc thidt lap, do vay cac tai lieu in in, nghe nhin bang tidng Anh khdng con khan hiem nhu tmde nira. Day la mdt thuan lgi rit Idn eho viec lya chgn ngir lieu dd giang day theo dudng hudng ket hctp cic ky nang. Them vao dd, eo sd phdng hge da khang trang hon: phong rdng rai, cd dii ban ghd chd ngdi eho sinh vien. He thdng dien, ddn tdt, dii inh sang, quat mat va cac 6 cam dien thuan tien eho viec sir dung miy cassette. Mdt vin dd Cudi cung nhung khdng kem phin quan trgng dd la sy quan tam chu dao, ung hg nbiet tinh ciia tmdng, eiia khoa ddi vdi vice cai tien phuong phip giang day va bien soan giio trinh eho phii hgp vdi nhu ciu cua ngudi hgc va ddi hdi thidt thyc eiia xa hdi. Vdi nhiing ly do va cac thyc te neu tren chung tdi thiy ed dii didu kien dd quydt djnb giang day mdn thye hanh tidng theo phuemg phap ket hgp bdn ky nang. rv.2. Viec thyc hien ket hgp bdn ky nang trong giang day Cd nhidu each giang day ket hgp bdn ky nang nhu: "Dua viio ndi dung" (Content - based teaching), "Dya vao kinb nghiem ciia ngueti hgc" (Experimental learning), nhimg chiing tdi da quydt djnb lya chgn each "Dya vao chii didm" (Theme - based teaching) va dya vao cie nhiem vu (Task - based teaching). Theo cich niiy, e i t ehircmg trinh va ngfr lieu dugc bien soan theo chu didm va cic nhiem vu cu the. Cac ky nang dugc ren luyen va phit tridn ddng thdi xoay quanh he thdng chii didm vii nhiem vu sao eho phii hgp,vdi sd thfch cua sinh vien. Viec ket hgp phit tridn cie ky nang xoay quanh chii didm se tap tmng dugc ea vao kidn thire ndn va kien thirc ngdn ngu. Vi du: khi hge nhung chii diem nhu "mdi tmemg", "hge tidng", "giio due", "du Ijch", "sii'c khoe"... sinh vien dugc dge cie bai bio, nghe cic bai giang, chuong trinh tren dii , truydn hinh va xem cac chuong trtnh video, sau dd thao luan cic vin dd dang didn ra, dd xuit cic giai phap va vidt vd cie chu dd da thao luan. Cd bdn nguyen tic chinh cua dudng hudng day theo chu didm: Nguyen tie dam bao tfnh ty nhien; Nguyen tac hge nhirng van dd ed ndi dung, y nghia; Nguyen tic tao ddng co thtie day ben trong va Nguyen tic cd kha nang giao tidp tdt. Cic chuong trinh giang day theo chii didm phai dam bao tdt cic ngu>Cn lac miy ddng thiti phiii giiy dugc hung thii eho hgc sinh vao cic chu didm va y nghia eiia cic van dd hon lii day eac quy tic ngdn ngir eirng nbac. Cic ngir heu giy dugc sy td md va hiing thii eho sinh vien vi cac chii didm nay khdng nhiing ehi hip din bdi 136 cic van dd eiia cudc sdng hang ngiiy iir dim giiin den phire lap mil con lap Irung vao viec nang cao cac ky nang ngdn ngu. Cich 1: Giao vien dua ra mot sd can hdi ggi y lien quan den mdt chii diem nao dd dd sinh vien thao luin, sir dung kidn thire lien quan (ea kidn thirc ndn va kidn thire vd tidng). Vf du khi hge chu didm "Du lieh va cic phuemg lien giao thdng" giao vien cd thd dua ra nhung cau bdi nhu: "Ban thfch phuong tien giao thdng niio nhit eho cie chuydn di dudng dai/dudng ngin? Giai tbich ly do tai sao" hoae "Di mot ngay dang hgc mdt sang khdn". Ban ngbi the nao vd cau ndi nay?". Cin tang cirdng cac nhiem vu yeu ciu lam viec theo nhdm va cap vi nhfmg boat ddng nay khdng nhung chi tao ra eho ngudi hge co hdi hidu ngfr lieu ma eon tang eudng sd lugng va chit lugng thye hanh ciia mdi ea nhan, thiic day mdi quan he tinh cam gin bd gifra eac hge sinh do dd gdp phin diy mi.inb ddng co hgc tap eho ngiriti heic. Tnmg qua trinh thao luin, sinh vien ghi chep tdm tit eac y ehinh eiia ea nhdm (nhu vay ky nang vidt dugc thyc hiinb). Sau dd cic nhdm thdng bio lai y kien ciia nhdm minh eho cac nhdm khic nghe. ViCe bio cao lai ed thd tidn hanh duci hai hinh thirc: ndi (oral) va vidt (written), - Dudi dang ndi: Timg nhdm cir dai dien bao cao lai y kidn ciia nhdm minh, cac nheim khic nghe vii bd sung, gdp y kidn. Trong khi cic nhdm thiio luan giao vien ed the thu bang mot nhdm (ed thd nhdm kha nhit hoae kem), phal lai eho cii letp nghe de nit kinb nghiCm vd ndi dung, ngdn ngfr v i cich thd hien. - Dudi dang vidt: -I- Cac nhdm cir dai dien vidt len biing y kien tdm tat ciia nhdm minh. + Trao ddi cac ghi chep eiia timg nhdm vdi nhau dd eac nhdm dge va ghi nhin xet va gdp y kidn vio ban dd. + Ndu didu kien eho phep thi giao vien yeu cau sinh vien viel lai cac y kien ciia nhdm minh vao giiy bdng trong dd chieu len miin hinh eho ea letp tham khao nhan xet. Cich 2: Khi hgc mot chii didm, giao vien eho sinh vien etgc mdt bai bao, mgt ban the'ing ke, mdt quang cio , mdt bieu bimg, thu tir, d(m xin vice hoae don xin gia nhiip mdt td chire niio dd v.v., lam mdt sd bii t ip vd phal Irien ky nang dge nhir dge lire'il lay thdng lin, lay y chinh, lim nghia cua tir mdi qua ngir canh. Vf du khi hgc ve chii diem "The thao va sire khoe", giio vien phit eho sinh vien mdt bii dge dudi dang mdt la detn xin gia nhap ciu lac bd the thao vii mgt the hdi vien chua didn dii cic thdng tin. Sau dd yeu cau sinh vien diing cac thdng lin trong la don dd didn vao the hdi vien. Nhu vay lir viec phal tridn ky nang dge, sinli vien eldng Ihiti dirge ren luyen ky ning vidt. Dya vao eton va the hdi vien tren, giao vien eho hgc sinh phal tridn ky nang ndi bilng viec eho sinh vien lam vice theo cap thye bien cudc hdi thoai gifra ngueti phu trach cau lac bd va ngudi xin gia nhip can lac bd. De pbat tridn ky ni'ing vidt eho sinh vien, giao vien yeu cau sinh vien phin tfch cich trinh bay, bd cue, ngdn ngfr va cau triie dugc sir dung trong dem dd vidt mdt la don tuong ty. Ngoai ra sinh vien cd the diing sd lieu, y, quim didm d bai hgc dd thao luan mot vin dd do hg hoae giao vien dua ra, Ngay vice quyci dinh mot vim de thiio liiiin nhu the niiy cung tao ra c ic cd hdi eho sinh dugc ihirc hiinh ndi, dien dat quan didm va y kidn ea nhin ciia 137 minh. Tren eo sd thao luan ndi, sinh vien se dugc yeu ciu vidt lai vin dd dd dudi nhidu hinh thiie khic nhau: tdm tat, binh luan, mien la... Cudi cting viec kidm tra cac boat ddng ma sinh vien vira lam lai dugc thuc hien nhu da nCu d khau cudi ciing eiia each 1. Cich 3: Cho sinh vien nghe mgt van dd lien quan ddn chii diem dang hgc (bai nghe cd the liy tir cac budi phit thanh tren dai, tivi ciia nude ngoai hoae trong nude, giio trinh...). Trude khi nghe, giio vien hudng sy ehii y cua sinh vien vao chii didm bang nhidu cich. Vf du khi hgc chu didm vd "Cac vin dd xa hdi", giao vien yeu ciu sinh vien liet ke nhung tir va cum tir hen quan ddn chu didm dudi dang ndi hoae vidt, ddng thdi giao vien gidi thieu trude nhirng tir khd trong bai nghe. Giio vien cung cd thd dira ra lieu dd eiia bai nghe dd sinh vien thao luan, dy doin ndi dung cua bai sip nghe. Lam nhu vay khdng nhiing ky nang ndi dugc ren luyen ma con giiip eho sinh vien hung thu va tap trung him vao bai nghe. Sau dd, giio vien cho sinh vien lam mdt sd bai tap dd phit tridn ky nang nghe. Sinh vien trao ddi cau tra Idi theo nhdm dd di ddn mdt dip in thdng nhit. Tren co sd bai nghe, sinh vien lai thuc hiinh theo cap va nhdm dd thao luan vd vin dd da neu trong bai. Vf du: "Nguyen nhim din ddn tinh trang ngay cang ed nhidu thanh nien nghien but trong xa bdi ngiiy nay vii bien phap khilc phiie". Cudi ciing sinh vien vidt lai van dd da thao lualn dudi nhidu dang khic nhau theo yeu cau ciia giio vien: tdm tit, binh luan, nhan xet, thidt kd mau can hdi phdng van didu tra. Sau dd giao vien lai sir dung cac ngCr lieu nay dd phit tridn ky nang dge va ndi. Cich 4: Giao vien td chire cho sinh vien nghien eini mgt van de vd chii didm nao dd. Vf du, giio vien yeu ciu sinh vien thuc hien dd tai "Vai trd cua ngudi phu nir trong gia dinh va xa hdi". Sinh vien lam vice theo nhdm, phan cdng phu trich lung mang khic nhau eiia dd tai, rdi thu thap tai lieu tir cie ngudn khic nhau: bao ehf, tranh linh, quiing cAo, du an, lin tuc tren dai va tivi... Ddng thdi, sinh vien thiio luan, lap ra cac cau hdi dieu tra, re'ii tien hanh pheing vin giio vien va sinh vien trong khoa, ghi lai y kien hoae dien vao phii didu tra. Sau dd cie nhdm tip hgp sd lieu, ban luan rdi thdng nhit cich trinh biiy dd tiii eiia nhdm minh dudi dang ndi hoae vidt eho ca Idp nghe hoae dge dd tham khiio, dinh gia va gdp y kidn. Hudng giang day nay ed nhidu uu didm: tfnh ty giic, nang de)ng sang tao cua ngiriri hgc duetc phal buy phii hgp vdi hudng dao tao mdi "liy ngudi hge lim tmng tam". Ddng thdi ngueti hgc da ty tao eho minh mdt ngudn tai lieu rieng vd eac chu didm khic nhau theo nhidu hinh thire phong phii vii giao vien cung tan dung dugc ngudn ngir lieu quy gia nay phiic vu cho viec giiing day sau nay. Cich 5: Khai thic kinb nghiem vd'n sdng eiia sinh vien dc phal tridn bdn ky nang va ning cao kidn thu'c ndn va tieng. Vf du, khi hge vd chii didm "Tudi ihet", giao vien yeu ciu sinh vien vidt vd mgt ky niem sau siic nhit trong Ihai nien thieu. Sau dd cac bai viei duite hgc sinh trao ddi cho nhau dge va vidt nhiln xet ea vd mat ndi dung vii ngdn ngir. Giao vien ehi djnb mdt sd sinh vien dge bai vidt va phi'in nhan xet nhimg khdng neu ten lac gia dd ea Idp nghe va gdp y kidn mot cich kbach quan, Tren co sd nhung biii vidt nay, ky nang ndi va nghe due;te phit tridn bing each giao vien eho sinh vien lam vice theo cap hoae nhdm, hdi nhau vd nhirng ky niem ma hg da dge va cam tudng cua hg. Vice liim miy tao eho gid hge sinh ddng, cic ky nang dugc phit tridn ly nhien. Ket quii thu dirge khii quan hem do sinh vien thay boat elgng giao tidp thye sir cd 138 y nghia, gin gui va gin bd vdi cudc sdng eiia minh. Trong tit ea cic boat ddng day va hge tren, giio vien ddng vai trd la ngudi td chire, hudng din, quan sit, giiip dd va cung cip ngii lieu khi cin thidt. VII. Ket luan Tren diy chiing tdi vira trinh bay co sd cua quan didm giang day thye hanh tidng dya vao chu didm va nhiem vu eu thd theo dudng hudng phdi hctp eac ky nang ngdn ngir, nhiing uu didm ciia quan didm nay so vdi cic quan didm tmde day trong viec day va hgc tieng. 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