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ENGLISH EXERCISES A. SENTENCE BUILDING they/going/ move/new house à………………………………………………………………………………………………. we/must/an end /this discussion /now à …………………………………………………………………………….. the teacher/the class/ four groups/last weekà …………………………………………………………………………. The film so good/ I /it/ twice à …………………………………………………………………………….. we/ waiting/her/ since/ 9 o’clock à …………………………………………………………………………….. I haven’t/able/find/another job à …………………………………………………………………………….. he/to join/ army very muchà …………………………………………………………………………….. he/rich /that/he/buy/a Boing /himself à …………………………………………………………………………….. old woman/so poor/she/nothing/except/ old bike à …………………………………………………………………………….. I/ many / cousins /that/ I / not know/ all/ their/ name à …………………………………………………………………… That guy/ drink/ much wine/ felt/drunk / nearly three days à …………………………………………………………………. If/ class/ begin/ morning/I / have/get up/ early. à …………………………………………………………………………….. If/ I/ enough/ money/ I / a new / dictionary. à …………………………………………………………………………….. If/ I/ enough/ money/ I / a Boing à …………………………………………………………………………….. If/ I/ enough/ money/ I / travel/ the world à …………………………………………………………………………….. It/ hot/ summer/ than/ winter à …………………………………………………………………………….. A tiger/ run/ fast/ than / horse à …………………………………………………………………………….. Cong Vinh/ football/ better/ Van Quyen à …………………………………………………………………………….. The wedding/ the happy/ event/ her life à …………………………………………………………………………….. Sai Gon / the rich/ city/ Vietnam à …………………………………………………………………………….. When I/ cleaning/ floor/ friend/ came in à …………………………………………………………………………….. this time last year/ we/ study/ high school à …………………………………………………………………………….. while/ talking/ we / heard/ the fire bell// ring à …………………………………………………………………………….. We study / Tay Nguyen University / 2008 à …………………………………………………………………………….. We / obtain/ lot/ knowledge/ since à …………………………………………………………………………….. I search/ information / google page/ long time à …………………………………………………………………………….. our ears / important/ as/ eyes à …………………………………………………………………………….. mobile phones / nowadays/ not/ expensive / as / they/used to à …………………………………………………………… it/never/ too / late/ study à …………………………………………………………………………….. 17/ not / old/ enough / vote à …………………………………………………………………………….. II. Choose the word or phrase to complete the sentences. 1. Sylvester Stallone is a famous film ___________. A. actor B. star C. dancer D. person 2. I wonder who painted the ___________ for the play. A. scene B. background C. view D. scenery 3. There were only two actors on the _________ when the play started. A. platform B. scene C. floor D. stage 4. The spaceship descended slowly through the clouds. A. went up B. travelled C. went down D. proceeded 5. If a person wants to get a tube of toothpaste, he will probably go to _______ A. the barracks B. the dentist's C. the barber's D. the chemist's 6. Fossil fuels are far too valuable to _________ on the production of electricity. A. waste B. destroy C. throw D. omit 7. She hung up the receiver. This means she __________ . A. let it hang B. held it C. didn't put it back D. put it back in its place 8. Valuable and famous paintings are expected to be found in ___________ . A. television studios B. art galleries C. universities D. public squares 9. Many of the cars broke down. They ________ . A. were in pieces B. couldn't go C. were broken up D. were spoilt 10. It went faster than any of its rivals. It went faster than its _________ . A. opponents B. competitions C. enemies D. partners 11. Britain and France will eventually be _______ by the Channel Tunnel. A. tied B. fastened C. linked D. involved 12. I can't find my purse. I _________ it at the cinema. A. must have forgotten B. put C. must have left D. forgot 13. I never feel sure what __________ by the word "democratic". A. means B. is meant C. is the meaning D. to mean 14. I tried to solve the problems __________ the noise and interruptions. A. because of B. in case of C. in spite of D. according to III. Choose the best answer. 1. I thought this dress looked really nice in the shop, but now I wish I ............. it. a. wouldn't buy b. had bought c. would buy d. hadn't bought 2. The good thing is that the village is very quiet, but on the other ........... there aren't any shops. a. way b. side c. point of view d. hand 3. The ........ we get going, the sooner we'll finish. a. quicker b. quickest c. quickly d. most quickly 4. Sheila succeeded ........ getting the manager's approval for the new project. a. at b. for c. to d. in 5. There's a man standing on the ........... corner who looks very suspicious. a. avenue b. path c. road d. street 7. She is ........... charming that everybody likes her. a. so b. such c. very d. too 8. Before going to India, my father .......... for an American bank for three years. a. has worked b. has been working c. worked d. works 9. You'll never .......... who I met in the street today. Mrs Jackson! a. suppose b. guess c. know d. find 10. Jane is a very good friend. I ........... her for a long time. a. have known b. knew c. know d. had known 11. He was going to reply to her letter, but for various reasons he never got ............. it. a. up to b. round to c. over d. out of 12. They tried to prevent me ............. going with then because they thought I had measles. a. to b. from c. by d. for IV. Choose the correct answer. 1._______ the rise in unemployment, people still seem to be spending more. A. Nevertheless B. Meanwhile C. Despite D. Although 2.I’ve always ________ you as my best friend. A. regarded B. thought C. meant D. supposed 3. You are ________ your time at school; you might just as well join the army. A. losing B. missing C. wasting D. spending 4. I don’t see any ________ in arriving early at the theatre if the show doesn’t start until 9 o’clock. A. cause B. aim C. point D. reason 5. He filled in the necessary forms and ________ for the job. A. appealed B. asked C. requested D. applied 6. His failure ________ great disappointment to his parents. A. forced B. made C. caused D. provided 7. It is regretted that there can be no ________ to this rule. A. exclusion B. alternative C. exception D. deviation 8. Some people _______ at least four hours a day watching TV. A. take B. use C. spend D. last 9. I’m very concerned ______ my son’s health. A. of B. on C. from D. about 10. Petrol in this country is so expensive that we use _______ transport as much as possible. A. private B. means C. way D. public II. Choose the correct answer. 1. Don’t be late for the interview, ________ people will think you are a disorganised person. A. unless B. otherwise C. if not D. or so 2. Spectators are reminded that it is ________ to take photographs during the match. A. prevented B. restricted C. forbidden D. banned 3. I________ at her for several moments, desperately trying to remember where I’d seen her before. A. watched B. glimpsed C. observed D. stared 4. If we continue to ________ the world’s resources at this rate, there’ll soon be none left. A. having offered finish B. throw away C. damage D. use up 5. when the lights ________ , we couldn’t see a thing. A. went out B. switched off C. put out D. extinguished 6. You looked terribly tired. You really ________ to get more sleep. A. should B. ought C. must D. could 7. Over recent years there has been a marked reduction ________ the number of people having foreign holidays. A. of B. in C. into D. for 8. Prizes are awarded ________ the number of points scored. A. resulting from B. adding up C. presented to D. according to 9. Technology is advancing so quickly that machines becomes ________ almost overnight. A. obsolete B. archaic C. stale D. second-hand 10. We had hardly sat down when she ________ plates of food for us. A. brought B. has brought C. had brought D. would have brought III. Choose the best answer to each question. 1. My friend’s main ________ for going abroad was his poor health. A. need B. reason C. cause D. desire 2.The examiner will test your ____________ to drive under normal conditions. A. ability B. advantage C. wisdom D. virtue 3. Over the past two years the _________ of living has risen considerably. A. rate B. charge C. cost D. price 4.A learner driver must be _________ by a qualified driver. A. connected B. accompanied C. involved D. associated 5. Mary is so ________ that people tell her all their troubles. A. dependent B. confidential C. permission tolerant 6. It’s so long since I saw him that I almost failed to _________ him. A. receive B. accept C. recognise D. approve 7. The police must now ________ the escaped convict in the surrounding countries. A. search B. look after C. look for D. be in search of 8. Newspapers should try to __________ printing statements that they cannot check. A. refuse B. neglect C. deny D. avoid 9. In Britain it is ________ for children to attend school between the ages of five and sixteen. A. enforced B. obliged C. compulsory D. made II. Choose the correct word which bests completes each sentence. 1. On her birthday her son presented her with a beautiful ________ of violets. A. pack B. pile C. bundle D. bunch 2. Motorway traffic was ________ after a lorry overturned and spilt its load over the northbound carriage way. A. diverged B. digressed C. deflected D. diverted 3. He _________ that he had been involved in the decision not to attack the enemy position. A. declined B. refused C. rejected D. denied 4. As I was ________ through the newspaper this morning, I came across a picture of an old army friend of mine. A. gazing B. glancing C. staring D. glimsing 5. I could _______ a note of panic in his voice. A. desist B. detect C. detest D. deter 6. I won’t ________ those children making a noise in my house A. allow B. have C. let D. permit 7. In all ________ there will never be a third World War. A. chance B. probability C. certainty D. possibilities 8. We ________ the plumbers to install an extra radiator in the living-room. A. had B. made C. got D. arranged 9. I think it’s ________ your luck to drive without wearing a seat-belt. A. risking B. tempting C. pushing D. proving 10. Don’t let anything _______ your from your training programme. A. defect B. distract C. defer D. disturb IV. Choose the best completion Mr Jackson hopes to avoid surgery. He will not agree to the operation ________ he is convinced that it is absolutely necessary. A. in the event that B. unless C. if D. only if As soon as Martina saw the fire, she ______ the fire department. A. was telephoning B. telephoned C. had telephoned D. telephones Some English words have the same pronunciation _______ they are spelled differently for example, I dear and deer. A. unless B. even though C. since D. only if Before Jennifer won the lottery, she ________ any kind of contest. hasn’t entered B. didn’t enter C. wasn’t entering D. hadn’t entered Since I left Venezuela six years ago, I _________ to visit friends and family several times. A. return B. will have returned C. am returning D. have returned I couldn’t use the pay phone, ________ I didn’t have any coin with me. A. yet B. despite C. for D. even though The next time Paul ______ to New York, he will visit the Metropolitan Museum’s famous collection of international musical instruments. A. will fly B. flies C. has flown D. will have flown I have to eat breakfast in the morning. ______, I get hungry before my lunch break. A. Consequently B. Furthermore C. Otherwise D. However After Nancy ________ for twenty minutes, she began to feel tired. A. jogging B. had been sitting C. sits D. is sitting I need to find an apartment before I can move _________ I can find one in the next week or so, I will move to Chicago the first of next month. A. Provided that B. Even if C. Due to D. Only if By the time the young birds _______ the nest for good, they will have learned how to fly. A. will leave B. will have left C. are leaving II. Choose the correct answer. 1. Are you sure you told me? I don’t recall _________ about it. A. having told B. having been told C. to have told D. to have been told 2. John appears ______ some weight. has he been ill? A. having lost B. having been lost C. to have lost D. to have been lost 3. Tom has made a bad mistake at work, but his boss didn’t fire him. He’s lucky ______ a second chance. A. having given B. having been given C. to have given D. to have been given 4. Dr Wilson is a brilliant and dedicated scientist who had expected to be selected as the director of the institute. She was very upset not ________ the position. A. having offered B. having been offered C. to have offered D. to have been offered 5. By the time their babies arrives, the Johnsons hope ______ painting and decorating the new nursery. A. having finished B. having been finished C. to have finished D. to have been finished 6. We would like _______ to the president’s reception, but we weren’t. A. having invited B. having been invited C. to have invited D. to have been invited 7. George mentioned _______ in an accident as a child, but he never told us the details. A. having injured B. having been injured C. to have injured D. to have been injured 8. The Smiths wanted to give their son every advantage. However, they now regret ______ him by providing too many material possessions. A. having spoiled B. having been spoiled C. to have spoiled D. to have been spoiled 9. The spy admitted ________ some highly secret information to enemy agents. A. having given B. having been given C. to have given D. to have been given Complete each sentence with the most suitable word or phrase. 1. Thank you very much. It’s very ________ you to help me. A. good with B. good of C. good for D. good about 2. The bad weather was _________ the series of power cuts. A. blamed for B. blamed on C. blamed with D. blamed by 3. I’m sorry, but I _________ seeing the manager at once! A. arrange for B. look for C. agree with D. insist on 4. Why do you spend all your time _________ your sister! A. arguing about B. arguing for C. arguing with D. arguing at 5. Helen is very __________ going to work in Germany. A. excited about B. excited for C. excited with D. excited to 6. The tourists were not _________ the danger of bandits in the hills. A. known about B. aware of C. provided with D. guessed at 7. I understood the problem after it had been _______ me. A. explained to B. admitted to C. confessed to D. replied to 8. I wish you wouldn’t show off and ________ your success as much! A. full of B. bored by C. boast about D. congratulate on 9. If you listen to music you can’t ________ your homework. A. read about B. arrange for C. specialise in D. concentrate on 10. We though we would be ________ the storm if we sheltered under a tree. A. happy about B. safe from C. depended on D. cared for IV. Choose the correct answer. 1. I think I hear someone ________ the back window. Do you hear it, too? A. trying open B. trying to open C. try opening D. try to open 2. When Alan was questioned by the police, he admitted knowing about the embezzlement of funds from his company, but denied ________ in any way. A. to be involved B. involving C. having involved D. being involved 3. Mr Lee was upset by ________ him the truth. A. our not having told B. us not tell C. we didn’t tell D. not to tell 4. Jack offered ________ care of my garden while I was out of town. A. take B. taking C. to have taken D. to take 5. Could you please come over? I need you ________ the refrigerator. A. help me moving B. helping me to move C. to help me move D. help me to move 6. The painting was beautiful. I stood there ________ to do it himself. A. of trying B. to try C. try D. from trying 7. A plane with an engine on fire approach the runway. ________ was frightening. There could have been a terrible accident. A. Watch it landing B. Watching it land C. To watch it to land D. Watching to land it 8. The customs officer opened the suitcase ________ if anything illegal was being brought into the country. A. seeing B. for seeing C. see D. to see 9. Sometimes young children have trouble ________ fact from fiction and may believe that dragons actually exists. A. to separate B. separating C. to be separated D. for separating 10. I got Barbara ________ her car for the weekend. A. to let me to borrow B. let me borrow C. to let me borrow D. let me to borrow 11. I’ll never forget ________ that race. What a thrill! A. to win B. win C. being won D. winning 12. No one has better qualifications. Carol is certain ________ for the job. A. to choose B. having chosen C. to be chosen D. being chosen 13. I was enjoying my book, but I stopped ________ a program on TV. A. reading to watch B. to read to watch C. to read for watching D. reading for to watch 14. Who is the woman talking to Mr Quinn? I don’t recall ________ her around the office. A. to have seen B. seeing C. to see D. being seen. V. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. 1. Frankly, I’d rather you A. do B. didn’t do C. don’t D. didn’t 2. Since they aren’t answering their telephone, they _______. A. must have left B. should have left C. need have left D. can have left 3. His English teacher recommends that he ______ a regular degree program. A. begin B. begins C. will begin D. is beginning 4. Let’s go out for dinner, ______? A. will we B. don’t we C. shall we D. are we 5.I’d ______ the operation unless it is absolutely necessary. A. rather not have B. not rather had C. rather not to have D. rather not having 6. Would you please ________ write on the test book? A. don’t B. not to C. not D. to not 7. It is imperative that you ______ there in person. A. be B. will be C. will have been D. are. 8.I really appreciate _______ to help me, but I am sure that I will be able to manage by myself. A. you to offer B. your offering C. that you offer D. that you are offering 9. This is the woman _______ the artist said posed as a model for the painting. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 10. Let you and _______ agree to settle our differences without involving any of the other students. A. I B. myself C. me D. my III. Choose the word or phrase to complete the sentences. 1. He's just arrive ________ Bangkok airport. A. in B. on C. at D. with 3. The more quickly we walk, _______ we shall get there. A. soon B. the sooner C. the soonest D. very soon 4. Under no condition _____________ hope. A. will they give up B. they give up C. they would give up D. they giving up 5. Were a bridge built, more tourists would come to the island. A. Were B. If C. If they have D. Unless they have 6. He opened the door and let himself in quietly _______ not to wake the family. A. because B. so as C. so that D. to make sure 2. Most of the students are _______ to pass the examination. A. enough good B. good enough C. too good D. very good 3. Where _______ all this morning? it's nearly midday. A. were you B. are you C. have you been D. are you being 4. We had to use our neighbour's telephone because ours was ___________ . A. out of work B. out of order C. off duty D. off work 5. The manager had his secretary ______ the report for him. A. type B. typed C. typing D. to type 6. It was _______ a boring speech that I felt asleep. A. such B. so C. very D. too V. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentences. 1. We are in an energy ................... and we will have to do something before it is too late. A. danger B. crisis C. money D. problem 2. It’s their parents’ wedding ................... tomorrow. A. memory B. souvenir C. meeting D. anniversary 3. Several shots were ................... in the night. A. exploded B. heard C. started D. opened 4. I am used to travelling by air. I am ................... to it. A. accustomed B. customary C. habitual D. inhabited 5. When John’s mother asked him to help her, he ................... he hadn’t heard and went on reading his book. A. pretended B. acted C. appeared D. deceived 6. There is nothing very ................... in that town. A. enjoy B. enjoyed C. enjoyable D. enjoying 7. How long ago ................... the first nuclear testing? A. was B. occurred C. happened D. took place 8. They reached their hotel ................... after landing at the airport. A. already B. shortly C. hardly D. scarcely 9. He devoted most of his time to ................... novels. A. to having written B. to writing C. to write D. to have written 10. The books cover every inch of floor space. They take up a lot of .................... A. room B. area C. place D. spaces V. Choose the best word or phrase to complete each of the following sentences 1. His bad behaviour was put ................................... his upbringing. A. up with B. off C. by D. down to 2. You shouldn't ...................... at people. It's rude! A. watch B. glance C. stare D. peer 3. Can you ......................... me to your parents when you next see them? A. excuse B. remind C. forget D. remember 4. I am ...................... the habit of reading in bed. A. in B. on C. of D. from 5. She ...................... the answer in his ear so nobody else could hear. A. told B. shouted C. whispered D. confessed 6. When his grandmother died, he came ..................... a fortune. A. into B. up with C. by D. across 7. There wasn't enough ........................... to convict the suspect. A. evidence B. suspicion C. proof D. prove 8. We were taken ............................ by his story. A. in B. up C. on D. out 9. He ......................... her into buying a new car. A. convinced B. talked C. persuaded D. made 10. Their parents ......................... to let them go to the party. A. did not B. denied C. refused D. prevented Choose the best answer 1. A number of policemen ________ among the dead and ________ a. was/ wounding b. were / wounding c. were/ wounded d. was/wounded 2. That book looks like an advanced ________ text to me. a. economic b. economics c. economists d. economical 3. It's probable both that there were many severe storms in this area ________ ships sank. a. so many b. that many c. and many d. and that many 4. Does this package belong to ________ or is it yours? a. we b. us c. our d. ours 5. "Have you finished studying?" "No, but I wish ________" a. would b. had c. should d. have 6. "Peter was late for two classes this morning." "He said that he for got both of the ________." a. rooms number b. room number c. room's numbers d. room numbers 7. Will you please give back the pen that ________ yesterday? a. I borrow from you b. you lent to me c. you borrow to me d. I lent to you. 8. The window is shut ________ is the door. a. and neither b. but neither c. and so d. and either 9. I have never seen anything more ________ than this. a. embarrass b. embarrassing c. embarrassed d. to embarrass 10. Wood furniture does not depreciate in value ________ properly handled and protected. a. if b. has c. and d. that V. Choose the correct words in brackets. I waited for you (during/ for/ since/ before) half an hour. The national economy was seriously affected (for/ during/ until) the strike. (during/ from/ of/ for) our stay in Paris, we visited a lot of interesting places. Please don't interrupt me (during/ while/ from/before) I'm speaking. I've just received an invitation (at/ towards/ to/ from / on) a wedding next week. There has been a rise (of/ up/ in/ from) the cost of living in the past few years. I'm hungry. What's (in / of/ before/ for) dinner this evening? John and I have (confirmed, combined, arranged, appointed) to meet at the bus station at 9 o'clock. You're (wasting, losing, spending, missing) your time trying to persuade him; he'll never help you. It's time we (did, have done, do, shall do) what we were expected to do. We are (waiting, expecting, hoping, wishing) him to arrive at any moment. (Although, However, Owing to, In spite of) the wet weather, the football match went ahead. While studying he was financially independent (off, from, of, in) his family. You can't miss my house; it (against, opposite, across, aside) the fire station. He went to bed (feels, feeling, fell, felt) very ill. III. Complete the sentences with appropriate prepositions. _______ judging of the results ______ the experiment we must take ______ account the fact that he has been working under great difficulties _______ several months. I’ve always found his attitude ________ me rather puzzling. His chances ________ recovery after the operation were a hundred ________ one, but he did get well. He clearly felt he couldn’t put _______ ________ such unfair treatment any longer and decided to have it _________ the manager that same afternoon. There is no better way __________ learning than __________ experience. Good health depends ________ good food, regular hours and fresh air. May I have a word _______ you ________ a business matter? Hasn’t it ever occurred _______ you that you might have been the one responsible _______ the accident? After graduation he returned _______ his native village _______ the purpose _______ setting _______ a school there. If they are really concerned _______ his future and want him to be prepared _______ the hardships of life, they shouldn’t make things too smooth _____ him. IV. Fill the gaps in these sentences with suitable prepositions. Sarah quarrelled _______ Louise _______ the preparation _______ the party. You can never rely ________ Anna to provide you _______ information. You can only succeed ________ passing and exam if you revise carefully _______ it. The police suspected that the goods had been stolen _____ the shop, but the receipt proved that they had been paid _______ . At the end of the party, we thanked our hosts and hostesses _______ inviting us. On be half of the students and staff, I'd like to welcome you ___________ our school. Eric reminds me ________ Paul McCartney, but they aren't related ________ each other. The staff are responsible _______ their boss ________ the decisions they make. I've got plenty of sandwiches, would you like to share them ________ me? Kate is suffering _______ a bad cold and she wants you to sympathise __________ her. I'm tired ________ waiting ________ Jim to arrive. I object _______________ his unpunctuality. Helen worked ________ ACME plc for a year and then she resigned ________ the job. V. Match a sentence beginnings (1-12) with their endings (a-l). Then complete each sentences by choosing the correct preposition from the box. There is sometimes more than one possible ending. about - at - for - of - on - with He was arrested ... I’m terrified ... The children are responsible ... You’ve been warned ... I’m sorry ... My parents congratulated me ... I’m bored ... I’m very decisive. I’m really bad ... I’m worried ... You need some help. I insist ... She’s a brilliant athlete and is capable ... He’s asked me to make a speech at his wedding but I get very nervous ... doing the same thing all the time; I need a change. eating fruit which hasn’t been washed. taking decisions. winning the gold medal. giving you a hand. leaving such a girl to look after the children. being in the house on my own. passing my exams. cleaning their own rooms. not writing back sooner. speaking in public. driving dangerously. III. Fill in each blank with a correct preposition or adverbial particle. _______ the two sisters, the younger was a much better actress, always leaving the elder sister ______ the shade. Say something to cheer her ________, she is ________ low spirits today. I called the wrong number _______ accident. The medicine ought to be taken _______ definite hours _______ a glass _______ warm milk. _______ spite _____ the early hour we found a restaurant already open and went _______ _______ a quick meal. The last time we me was _______ the occasion _______ some family meeting. She got _______ the shock _______ a speed I never expected _______ her. She was proud _______ the fact that she was independent _______ her parents. III. Supply the missing preposition, then refer to the text. He's really ashamed ______ what he did. We're all very obliged ______ you. I think he's capable ______ anything. This service is free ______ charge. He's quite careless ______ danger. They went ahead contrary ______ my advice. She's very nervous ______ the new boss. We're angry ______ the way she behaved. He was married ______ Sue for a day. I hope you are satisfied ______ my work. I'm faithful______ my principle. I know you'll be annoyed ______ me. I've been so anxious ______ you. She's so clever ______ solving problems. I'm really amazed ______ your behaviour. I'm going to be late ______ work again. IV. Insert suitable prepositions in the following. There was an accident_______ the cross-roads ________ midnight last night. Two men were taken _________ hospital. I believe one of them is still ________ hospital. ___________ the daytime the streets are crowded but __________ night they are quite deserted. _______ first her father refused to allow her to go back _________ work; but __________ the end he agreed. ____________ the beginning of a textbook there is a preface, and _________ the end there is an index. When he began speaking ________ English, she looked _________ him _______ amazement. I was horrified ______ his appearance. He looked as if he hadn’t slept _______ weeks. The house is _______ fire ! Send _______ the Fire Brigade! You do not comply __________ the traffic regulations you will get ________ trouble ________ the police. I was _______ the impression that I had paid you _______ the work you did ________ me. I see ______ today’s paper that you need a secretary______ a knowledge of French. I should like to apply ________the post. III. Complete the passage by inserting a correct preposition in each space Sir John was born ............. eight o’clock ............. the morning ............. a fine day ............. August ............. the year of Our Lord 1452. The birth took place ............. a Sunday and as Sir John’s father was ............. church he did not hear............. his own son’s birth until he got back home later ............. the day: ............. noon the news had spread far and wide and cheering villagers assembles ............. the manor, where they remained until the happy father had served them ............. strong ale, brewed ............. the autumn ............. the preceding year:............. night bonfires burnt ............. the surrounding hills and ............. the stroke of midnight the church bells were rung ............. enthusiasm. The festivities went on ............. dawn and ............. sunrise the tired peasantry retired ............. last ............. their beds to sleep ............. a couple of hours ............. resuming their labours: ............. their short sleep they awake muzzy-headed and ............. that day little work was done. V. Say which of the following prepositions could acceptably replace each dash in the sentences below: Come _______ my room and sit down _______. Stand _______ the door and show the visitors _______ their seats. Take this parcel _______ my house. I live _______, Leicester Avenue. Stick this notice _______ the notice-board. Don’t let anyone take it _______ the notice-board, will you? I don’t want anyone else _______ the platform, so please keep it right _______ it. Take that dangerous weapon _______ him and keep it _______ him. How far is it _______ here _______ the station? Mary stood _______ the window watching as the dog chased the intruder _______ the garden. Many people work _______ the town and go _______ the country for the week-end. Most government offices are situated _______ the capital, but some have moved _______ the provinces. Do you really live _______ New Delhi? I stopped _______ New Delhi once on the flight _______ Tokyo _______ London. My younger brother is still _______ school. he will be going _______ university next year. VI. Replace each dash by one of the following prepositions. above, below, beneath, beyond, from in, into, out of, over, past , to ,under If you run ________ difficulties or find yourself ________ any trouble at all, I’ll help you out. We’re ________ no danger now. I can assure you that we’re safely ________ danger at last. I’m sorry, we have no typewriter ribbons ________ stock. we’ve been ________ stock for several days. His attitude in writing this letter is ________ contempt. It is ________ my dignity to reply. I’m afraid you’re too old. You’re ________ age. I was ________ the impression you were younger. Don’t panic. The situation is ________ control. The captain knows exactly what to do ________ the circumstances. You usually find me ________ a good humour, but, really your behaviour to day is ________ a joke. You must face facts. You are ________ your prime, and the time has come when we should release you ________ your heavy responsibilities. John’s work is very good. It is well ________ the average. But Jack’s is ________ the standard I expect in this class. The purpose of welfare services is to provide security ________ the cradle ________ the grave. 11. Due to circumstances ________ our control, we have run ________ debt. The situation is, however, not ________ hope, and I am confident that we can soon put our affairs ________ order again. VI. Put a correct preposition in each space. If you leave your things all ____ the place again, I shall punish you ____ your untidiness. The fire is ____, we have run ____ ____ coal, so we shall just have to make the best ____ it. It was thanks ____ you that he was successful ____ carrying ____ his project. ____ ____ ____ all his faults, you must admit that he is easy to get ____ ____ ; he is always ____ good temper. Don't be ____ such a hurry, I can't keep ____ ____ you. I don't know how to get ____ touch ____ Mrs. Green. She's not ____ the phone. I have nothing ____ common ____ him, so we have put an end ____ our friendship once and ____ all. You must account ____ the manager ____ the money you have used. ____ what extent did she benefit ____ her uncle's death? III. Insert a preposition if necessary. Choose from at, by, for, in, of, on, until, to, with 1. I thought he would offer ........ Jim the job, but he offered it ........ me. 2. Keep ........ a place and keep a place .......... Ann too. 3. When you have lunch ........... a restaurant, who pays ........ the bill? Oh, each ...... us pays ....... what he has had. 4. If you are going ...... the Post Office, could you buy ........... me a book ........ stamps? 5. He told them to wait .......... him ........ the bridge. 6. We didn't reach Berlin ......... after dark, and had some difficulty ........ finding our hotel. 7. If we say "The manager showed us to out room," we mean that he led ....... us ...... the door. If we say, "He showed .......... us the room," we mean that he entered ......... the room ...... us. 8.He suggested ....... me that we should offer to pay ............... her .......... dollars. VI. Supply the missing prepositions. Sharon often reminds me ________ her mother. You should divide the number ________ seven. I congratulate you ________ your success. I admire her ________ so many qualities. Please reserve this seat ________ me. Who informed you ________ this? I always identify myself ________ the hero. Please describe him ________ me. The I'll have to refer you ________ the manager. How do you convert miles ________ kilometres? They were all searched ________ drugs. She'll adapt herself ________ our way of life Who will defend us ________ the enemy. I can't compare my flat ________ yours. I'm not investing money ________ oil. You can't accuse me ________ laziness. Attach this label ________ the handle. She was robbed ________ her life savings. VII. Insert the correct prepositions He was operated ______ yesterday. She was taken ______ hospital. He suffered ______ bad headaches. I have a pain ______ my back. What's wrong ______ you? He dies ______ cancer. She got worse so they sent ______ a doctor. III. Fill each gap with a suitable preposition Everyone admires him ................... his wisdom and common sense. I agree ............ you ............... the need to improve public transport services. Dick apologised ......... not sending us a thank you letter. I don't approve ...... travelling first class on trains or planes. We all started to argue ..... him .......... his political ideas.I believe ........ government support for public transport services. Everyone can benefit ................... a better road system. Peter's always boasting ........ his own achievements. Would you like to borrow a pen ...... me? John is capable ............ doing much better work than this. We would like to congratulate you ............ getting engaged. Water consists ....... hydrogen and oxygen. The salesman tried to convince me ....... the advantages of buying the car. The is no simple cure .............. hay fever. You can't blame me ............. your own mistakes. IV. Complete the following passage using the correct answer. The first human beings probably lived about 2,5 million years ago. But man did not begin to (1) _______ history until he had invented writing only about 5,0000 years ago. The period before man began to write is called prehistory, and the (2) _______ prehistoric man refers to people who lived during that period. Prehistoric man (3)_______ the first steps in building civilisation. The (4) _______ people were all hunters. In time, many hunters learned to plant crops and (5) _______ animals for food, and they became farmers. Prehistoric man (6) _______ simple tools, and he discovered how to make fire. he painted the first pictures and shapes the first (7) _______ . And he built and governed the first cities. Because early man kept no written records, scientists search for bones, tools, and other prehistoric (8) _______ . They study these objects to learn what early man looked (9) _______ , how he lived, and how he developed into modern man. Most of the tools that have been found and studied are made of stone. (10)_______ , the entire period during which early man lived has been called the Stone Age. A record B keep C preserve D remind A role B term C character D title A moved B put C brought D took A oldest B earliest C eldest D wildest A rise B raise C brought up D grew A invented B manufactured C made out D turned out A sculptures B pottery C pyramids D projects A remains B signals C signs D symptoms A on B like C as D forward A Besides B Then C As a result D By consequences V. Complete the following passage using the correct answer. Concord, the world’s fastest and most graceful (1) ____ plane, will soon be 25 years old. It first flew on 2 march 1969, from Toulouse in France. Concord was developed by both France and Britain. From 1956 these two countries had a (2)____ of a supersonic passenger plane. In 1962 they started to work together on the (3) ____ . The plane cost over $1,5 billion to develop. It is the most (4) ____ plane in the history of (5) ____ . It was given over 5,000 hours of testing. Concord flies at twice the speed of sound. This means that it takes only 3 hours 25 minutes to fly between London and New York, compared with 7 - 8 hours in other passenger jets. because of the five-hour time (6)____ between the USA and Britain, it is possible to travel west on Concord and arrive in New York before you leave London! You can (7) ____ the 10:30 am flight from London, Heathrow and start work in New York an hour earlier! Concord is much used by business people and film stars. But its oldest passenger was Mrs Ethel Lee from Leicestershire in England. She was 99 years old when she (8)____ from Heathrow on 24 February 1985. Each Concord is built at a (9)____ of $ 55 million. Twenty have been built so far. Air France and British Airways (10) ____ the most. They each have seven planes. 1. A. transportation B. carriage C. conveyance D. passenger 2. A. expectation B. dream C. hope D. imagination 3. A. project B. plot C. structure D. development 4. A. tested B. tried C. investigated D. experimented 5. A. flight B. aviation C. space D. locomotion 6. A. separation B. division C. expansion D. difference 7. A. run B. transport C. catch D. register 8. A. blasted B. launched off C. took off D. flew off 9. A. cost B. price C. expense D. expenditure 10. A. own B. mortgage C. hire D. master II. Choose the correct word to fill in the numbered spaces. Modern cinema audience expect to see plenty of thrilling scenes in action films. These scenes, which are _______ (1) as stunts, are usually _________ (2) by stuntmen who are specially trained to do dangerous things safely. ________ (3) can crash a car, but if you are shooting a film, you have to be extremely _________ (4), sometimes stopping _________ (5) in front of the cameraman and film crew. At an early __________ (6) in the production, an expert stuntman is ________ (7) in to work out the action scenes and form a team. He is the only person who can go _________ (8) the wishes of the director. _________ (9) he will usually only do this in the ________ (10) of safety. many famous actors like to do the dangerous parts themselves, which produces better shots, since stuntmen do not have to _________ (11) in for the actors. Actors like to become _________ (12) in all the important aspects of the character they are playing, but without the recent progress in safety equipment, insurance companies would never _________ (13) them take the risk. To do their own stunts, actors need to be good athletes, but they must also be sensible and know their _________ (14). If they were to be hurt, the film would _________ (15) to a sudden halt. A. remarked B. known C. referred D. named A. performed B. given C. fulfilled D. displayed A. Everyone B. Someone C. Anyone D. No one A. detailed B. plain C. straight D. precise A. right B. exact C. direct D. strict A. period B. minutes C. part D. called A. led B. taken C. drawn D. named A. over B. against C. through D. across A. despite B. so C. although D. otherwise A. interests B. needs C. purposes D. regards A. work B. get C. put D. stand A. connected B. arranged C. involved D. affected A. allow B. let C. permit D. admit A. limits B. ends C. frontiers D. borders A. come B. fall C. pull D. go IV. Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below. elderly schooling social services retire medical treatment mentally handicapped benefits subsidized physically disabled eligible social workers low incomes pension out of work welfare state A country which helps its old, sick, disabled and unemployed is called a (1) ________ . ( 2) ________ people receive a state (3) ________ when they (4)________ at the age of 60 or 65. People with (5)________ who cannot afford to buy or rent decent accommodation are given houses or flats with (6)________ rents, which means that the government or local council supports the rent to keep it low. Mothers of small children get special state financial (7)________, and of course older children receive free (8)________. (9) ________ people, who cannot move normally, and (10)________ to receive unemployment benefit, which is paid by the state. The (11)________ (government departments responsible for people's well being) will help people who financially, physically, or psychologically, have difficulties in coping with the life and (12)________ will visit such people in their homes. II. Choose the correct word or phrase. Many people buy suitcases to carry ________ (1) when they go abroad ________ (2) and never take the trouble to find out whether they will be ________ (3) to survive the journey. ________ (4) case you buy - and obviously ________ (5) you pay for it the better it is likely to be - you should be careful ________ (6) too much into it. a lot of passengers ________ (7) and then the locks break. Some people think manufacturers should say how much ________ (8). But the manufacturers say it depends ________ (9) the quality of the case. a cheap case, ________ (10) has been badly made, will obviously not last as long as an expensive one. 1. A. his luggages B. his luggage C. their luggages D. their luggage 2. A. in holiday B. on holiday C. in holidays D. on holidays 3. A. so strong B. enough strong C. strong enough D. too strong 4. A. However B. Wherever C. Whatever D. Which 5. A. the more B. the most C. how much D. how many 6. A. for not packing B. to not pack C. not to pack D. in order not to pack 7. A. do so B. do such C. make so D. make such 8. A. can carry the case B. the case can carry C. can bear the case D. the case can bear 9. A. for B. with C. in D. on 10. A. what B. which C. it D. when II. Read the following paragraph, underline the correct word or words in brackets. There is now increasing concern about the world’s energy (1) ______, particularly about those involving fossil (2) ______. In less than a hundred years we shall probably (3) ______ all the present (4) ______ of oil and gas. The world’s coal (5) ______ should last longer but, once used, these cannot be (6) ______. It is important, therefore, that we should develop such (7) ______ sources of energy as solar energy as well as water and wind (8) ______ (classed as (9) ______ energy). Until these energy (10) ______ are widely used, it is important for the developed countries to reduce consumption as much as possible. 1. A. possessions B. resources C. goods D. materials 2. A. fuels B. powers C. forms D. energy 3. A. end B. complete C. total D. exhaust 4. A. findings B. productions C. amounts D. sources 5. A. reserves B. stores C. mines D. contents 6. A. findings B. productions C. amounts D. sources 7. A. traditional B. alternative C. revolutionary D. surprising 8. A. force B. strength C. power D. motion 9. A. repeatable B. continual C. renewable D. continuous 10. A. goods B. supplies C. provisions D. materials II. Choose the correct word to put in each space The first pictures of Mars taken by the Viking spacecraft showed that there may once have been ______ (1) the planet. Mars seemed red from the Earth and in fact______ (2). The probable reason______ (3) this is that it is apparently covered with iron ore oxide, ______ (4) means that there must be oxygen there. Viking also carried with it a machine to collect samples of the soil. The samples contained oxygen, and there is no doubt, ______ (5), that nitrogen, a gas which is ______ (6) essential to life as oxygen, also exists in the Martian atmosphere. One of the most remarkable discoveries is that ______ (7) that the oxygen is being turned into carbon dioxide. This interested scientists to _______ (8) extent that _____ (9) of them began experiments in the American desert to see if the Earth soils would behave in the same way ______ (10) from Mars. 1. A. the life in B. the life on C. life in D. life on 2. A. there is B. it is C. its D. it's 3. A. of B. to C. why D. for 4. A. which B. what C. that D. it 5. A. too B. however C. either D. neither 6. A. like B. similar C. as D. so 7. A. there is evidence B. there are evidences C. it is evidences D. they are evidences 8. A. a so great B. a such C. so much D. such an 9. A. a big lot B. a great deal C. some D. an amount 10. A. than the ones B. as the ones C. than the one D. as the one IV. Choose the correct form. Only one answer is correct When I was a boy, children always objected to (1) _________ school uniform but teachers were (2)_________ it because they said all of us looked (3) _________ . Otherwise, they said, children would compete with (4)_________ and the poorer children would be unhappy because people would see straight away (5) _________ . In recent years, however, many scholars have (6)_________ the idea of making children (7) _________ uniform but, funnily enough, now that children can wear (8)_________ they like, they have adopted (9)_________ When some journalists visited a (10)_________ they found that all the boys and girls were dressed (11) _________ jeans. One girl said she would rather (12) _________ wear a coat instead of a jersey because (13) _________ wants to took different (14) _________ the other children in the class. Parents (15)_________ not be as happy about this as children, but they (16)_________ to be, because this new kind of uniform is (17)_________ the children like, not something (18) _________ to wear, and it is also (19)_________ than school uniforms (20) . 1. A. wearing B. dressing C. wear D. dress 2. A. keen in B. keen on C. eager in D. eager on 3. A. like B. to be like C. alike D. to be alike 4. A. each other B. another C. themselves D. ourselves 5. A. what poor were they B. what poor they were C. how poor were they D. how poor they were 6. A. left over B. taken off C. put out D. given up 7. A. to wear B. wear C. wearing D. that they wear 8. A. that B. which C. what D. as 9. A. an uniform B. a uniform of their own C. a proper uniform D. a uniform of his own 10. A. London school B. London's school C. school of London D. school at London 11. A. on B. by C. in D. with 12. A. to die than B. to die that C. die that D. die than 13. A. anyone B. no one C. none D. someone 14. A. than B. that C. from D. to 15. A. must B. can C. could D. may 16. A. ought B. should C. had D. would 17. A. a one what B. a one that C. one what D. one that 18. A. it's been forced to them B. they have been forced C. they've been forcing D. it has been forcing them 19. A. much more cheaper B. much more cheap C. much cheaper D. more cheaper 20. A. used to be B. use to be C. are used to be D. are usually being IV. Choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct. I have a brother who is (1) ______ me. We (2) ______. yesterday was an important day (3) ______ friends. In the morning (4) of us had a bid exam at the technical college and then (5) ______ there was a big meeting at the youth club at 9 o'clock. (That's where we usually go when we want to (6) ______ ourselves.) A rich woman had given us some money and yesterday we (7) ______ decide what to do (8) ______. Many people wanted to buy something new for our club, but my brother and I wanted to give the money to another club that has (9) ______. In the end we decided to give half to the poor club and (10) ______ half for ourselves. 1. A. so old as B. so old that C. the same age D. the same age as 2. A. both are 16 B. are both 16 C. are 16 both D. are 16 the both 3. A. to us and our B. for us and our C. to us and ours D. for us and ours 4. A. most B. much C. more D. few 5. A. last night B. the last night C. last evening D. the last evening 6. A. enjoy B. meet C. like D. divert 7. A. had to B. must C. should D. would 8. A. with it B. with them C. for it D. for them 9. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 10. A. keep another B. keep the other C. hold another D. hold the other V. Choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct. The price of hotels in Britain is going up (1) .................. at any time since the war. There are a number of reasons for this but the (2) .................. all is the Government's economic policy. Managers in factories see (3) .................. so they are attracted to the idea of owning (4) .................. businesses. (5) .................. Britain's weather is often disappointing, the tourist industry is growing. Many people (16) .................. like to combine a (17) .................. holiday with the opportunity of improving their English . It is therefore not surprising that businessmen are buying hotels. The only thing (18) .................. worries me is the kind of treatment their guests are (19) .................. to receive since (20) .................. of them know anything about hotel management. 1. A. more fast than B. more fast that C. faster than D. faster that 2. A. most important of B. more important of C. most important from D. more important from 3. A. to fall their standard of living B. falling their standard of living C. their standard of living to fall D. their standard of living falling 4. A. his proper B. his own C. their proper D. their own 5. A. In spite of B. Although C. Even D. However 6. A. in the Continent B. in the overseas C. abroad D. foreign 7. A. fortnight B. fortnight's C. two weeks D. two week's 8. A. that B. what C. as D. who 9. A. like B. probable C. probably D. likely 10. A. little B. some C. few D. a few V. Choose the correct word to put in each space The National Health Service in Britain has grown into ______ (1) big organisation that it now employs more people ______ (2) in the country ______ (3) efficient and organisation like this may be, it is bound to _______ (4)sooner or later but ______ (5) the public can do whey they occur. The patients' Association gives ______ (6) when they think they have not been properly looked after. Some time ago the Association fought against the Government's idea ______ (7) general health centres for individual doctors. It is said it did not want to tell the Health Service ______ (8) do but added that it ______ spend more on doctors salaries _______ (10) would be cheaper than building health centres. 1. A. a such B. such a C. so D. a so 2. A. than any B. than some C. that any D. that some 3. A. For B. It doesn't mind C. Whatever D. However 4. A. make faults B. do faults C. make mistakes D. do mistakes 5. A. there is a few B. there is little C. it is few D. it is a little 6. A. to people advice B. to people advises C. people advice D. people advices 7. A. of substituting B. for substitute C. for replacing D. for replace 8. A. that it must B. that it is to C. what is to D. what to 9. A. should have to B. needs C. should D. ought 10. A. which B. who C. that D. it II. Choose the correct word to put in each space The first pictures of Mars taken by the Viking spacecraft showed that there may once have been ______ (1) the planet. Mars seemed red from the Earth and in fact______ (2). The probable reason______ (3) this is that it is apparently covered with iron ore oxide, ______ (4) means that there must be oxygen there. Viking also carried with it a machine to collect samples of the soil. The samples contained oxygen, and there is no doubt, ______ (5), that nitrogen, a gas which is ______ (6) essential to life as oxygen, also exists in the Martian atmosphere. One of the most remarkable discoveries is that ______ (7) that the oxygen is being turned into carbon dioxide. This interested scientists to _______ (8) extent that _____ (9) of them began experiments in the American desert to see if the Earth soils would behave in the same way ______ (10) from Mars. 1. A. the life in B. the life on C. life in D. life on 2. A. there is B. it is C. its D. it's 3. A. of B. to C. why D. for 4. A. which B. what C. that D. it 5. A. too B. however C. either D. neither 6. A. like B. similar C. as D. so 7. A. there is evidence B. there are evidences C. it is evidences D. they are evidences 8. A. a so great B. a such C. so much D. such an 9. A. a big lot B. a great deal C. some D. an amount 10. A. than the ones B. as the ones C. than the one D. as the one IV. Choose the correct form. Only one answer is correct When I was a boy, children always objected to (1) _________ school uniform but teachers were (2)_________ it because they said all of us looked (3) _________ . Otherwise, they said, children would compete with (4)_________ and the poorer children would be unhappy because people would see straight away (5) _________ . In recent years, however, many scholars have (6)_________ the idea of making children (7) _________ uniform but, funnily enough, now that children can wear (8)_________ they like, they have adopted (9)_________ When some journalists visited a (10)_________ they found that all the boys and girls were dressed (11) _________ jeans. One girl said she would rather (12) _________ wear a coat instead of a jersey because (13) _________ wants to took different (14) _________ the other children in the class. Parents (15)_________ not be as happy about this as children, but they (16)_________ to be, because this new kind of uniform is (17)_________ the children like, not something (18) _________ to wear, and it is also (19)_________ than school uniforms (20) . 1. A. wearing B. dressing C. wear D. dress 2. A. keen in B. keen on C. eager in D. eager on 3. A. like B. to be like C. alike D. to be alike 4. A. each other B. another C. themselves D. ourselves 5. A. what poor were they B. what poor they were C. how poor were they D. how poor they were 6. A. left over B. taken off C. put out D. given up 7. A. to wear B. wear C. wearing D. that they wear 8. A. that B. which C. what D. as 9. A. an uniform B. a uniform of their own C. a proper uniform D. a uniform of his own 10. A. London school B. London's school C. school of London D. school at London 11. A. on B. by C. in D. with 12. A. to die than B. to die that C. die that D. die than 13. A. anyone B. no one C. none D. someone 14. A. than B. that C. from D. to 15. A. must B. can C. could D. may 16. A. ought B. should C. had D. would 17. A. a one what B. a one that C. one what D. one that 18. A. it's been forced to them B. they have been forced C. they've been forcing D. it has been forcing them 19. A. much more cheaper B. much more cheap C. much cheaper D. more cheaper 20. A. used to be B. use to be C. are used to be D. are usually being IV. Choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct. I have a brother who is (1) ______ me. We (2) ______. yesterday was an important day (3) ______ friends. In the morning (4) of us had a bid exam at the technical college and then (5) ______ there was a big meeting at the youth club at 9 o'clock. (That's where we usually go when we want to (6) ______ ourselves.) A rich woman had given us some money and yesterday we (7) ______ decide what to do (8) ______. Many people wanted to buy something new for our club, but my brother and I wanted to give the money to another club that has (9) ______. In the end we decided to give half to the poor club and (10) ______ half for ourselves. 1. A. so old as B. so old that C. the same age D. the same age as 2. A. both are 16 B. are both 16 C. are 16 both D. are 16 the both 3. A. to us and our B. for us and our C. to us and ours D. for us and ours 4. A. most B. much C. more D. few 5. A. last night B. the last night C. last evening D. the last evening 6. A. enjoy B. meet C. like D. divert 7. A. had to B. must C. should D. would 8. A. with it B. with them C. for it D. for them 9. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 10. A. keep another B. keep the other C. hold another D. hold the otherV. Choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct. The price of hotels in Britain is going up (1) .................. at any time since the war. There are a number of reasons for this but the (2) .................. all is the Government's economic policy. Managers in factories see (3) .................. so they are attracted to the idea of owning (4) .................. businesses. (5) .................. Britain's weather is often disappointing, the tourist industry is growing. Many people (16) .................. like to combine a (17) .................. holiday with the opportunity of improving their English . It is therefore not surprising that businessmen are buying hotels. The only thing (18) .................. worries me is the kind of treatment their guests are (19) .................. to receive since (20) .................. of them know anything about hotel management. 1. A. more fast than B. more fast that C. faster than D. faster that 2. A. most important of B. more important of C. most important from D. more important from 3. A. to fall their standard of living B. falling their standard of living C. their standard of living to fall D. their standard of living falling 4. A. his proper B. his own C. their proper D. their own 5. A. In spite of B. Although C. Even D. However 6. A. in the Continent B. in the overseas C. abroad D. foreign 7. A. fortnight B. fortnight's C. two weeks D. two week's 8. A. that B. what C. as D. who 9. A. like B. probable C. probably D. likely 10. A. little B. some C. few D. a few I. Read the following passage and answer the questions. A good deal of fascinating research has been done about the reading patterns of young people, and it is surprising to discover at what an early age children start expressing preferences for particular kinds of books. A recent report, which examines in detail the reading habits of primary-school children, showed that even seven-year-old boys and girls have a clear view about what they want to read. Girls, in general, read more, and far more girls than boys preferred reading stories. Boys were showing a taste the more instant appeal of picture stories, or else books about their hobbies. These tastes continue unchanged until the children are teenagers. Apparently girls read more in general, but more fiction in particular. You could say that there are more opportunities for girls to read fiction: magazines encourage the fiction habit in girls in their early teens, and by their late teens they have probably moved on to the adult women's magazines. Teenage boys tend to buy magazines about their hobbies: motorcycles, heavy transport and so on. Adult reading tastes are also the subject of research. Again the number of women who read for pleasure is considerably higher than the number of men. It seems that the majority of women still want love stories. There has also been some analysis of what men actually read. Apparently only 38 per cent of men read anything, but 50 percent of what they read is fiction in the form of action-packed stories of space or gunmen. 1. Recent research into children's reading has shown that they A. start to read at a very early age B. have formed their reading tastes by the time they are seven C. examine in detail what they read at school B. can read clearly and distinctly in primary school 2. A close look at the reading habits of boys and girls shows that A. schools give more encouragement to girls than to boys B. magazines appeal more to boys than girls C. picture stories appeal more to girls than boys D. girls are more interested in fiction than boys 3. Research into adult reading habits has shown that A. the majority of men read nothing at all B. women do not read about their hobbies C. 38% of men have difficulty in reading D. men prefer to read about current affairs 4. According to the passage A. far more boys than girls are interested in love stories B. there are more opportunities for girls to buy magazines than for men C. children generally do not care what they should read D. teenage boys show a taste for magazines about their hobbies 5. The word "fascinating" means most nearly the same as A. having a lot of action B. having a lot of information C. having great attraction D. having great pleasure I. Read the following passage and answer the questions Rainforests circle the globe for twenty degrees of latitude on both sides of the equator. in that relatively narrow band of the planet, more than half of the species of plants and animals in the world make their home. Several hundred different varieties of trees may grow in a single acre, and just one of those trees may be the habitat for more than then thousand kinds of spiders, ants, and other insects. Unfortunately, half of the world’s rainforests have already been destroyed, and at a current rate, another 25 percent will be lost by the year 2000. Every sixty seconds, one hundred acres of rainforest is being cleared. By the time you finish reading this passage, two hundred acres will be destroyed! When this happens, constant rains erode the former forest floor, and the ecology of the region is altered forever. Thousands of species of plants and animals are condemned to extinction and, since we aren’t able to predict the ramifications of this loss to a delicate global ecology, we don’t know what we may be doing to the future of the human species as well. 1.What is the point of view that the author expresses in this passage? A. The author believes that the rainforest will survive. B. The author believes that preserving the rainforest is important to the global ecology C. The author believes that he can predict the future of global ecology. D. The author believes that the extinction of species is a natural process. 2. According to the passage, more than half of all the species of plants and animals A. live in twenty rainforests B. live in several different varieties of trees C. live in a forty-degree band of latitude D. live in areas where the rainforest has been cleared 3. What is the meaning of the word “just” ? A. fairly B. only C. correctly D. precisely 4. How many of the world’s rainforests are projected to be destroyed if the current rate continues? A. All of them will be gone by the year 2000 B. Three-quarters of then will be gone by the year 2000 C. Half of them will be gone by the year 2000 D. One-quarter of then will be gone by the year 2000 5. What will NOT happen if the rainforest continues to be cleared? A. The land will be eroded by the rains. B. many species of plants and animals that depend on the rainforest will become extinct. C. The future of the human species may be damaged. D. The rainforest will grow, but at a much slower rate. After inventing dynamite, Swedish-born Alfred Nobel became a very rich man. However, he foresaw its universally destructive powers too late. Nobel preferred not to be remembered as the inventor of dynamite, so in 1895, just two weeks before his death, he created a fund to be used for awarding prizes to people who had made worthwhile contributions to humanity. Originally there were five awards: literature, physics, chemistry, medicine and peace. Economics was added in 1968, just sixty-seven years after the firs awards ceremony. Nobel’s original legacy of nine million dollars was invested, and the interest on this sum is used for the awards which vary from $ 30,000 to $ 125,000. Every year on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel’s death, the awards (gold medal, illuminated diploma, and money) are presented to the winners. Sometimes politics plays an important role in the judges’ decisions. Americans have won numerous science awards, but relatively few literature prizes. No awards were presented from 1940 to 1942 at the beginning of World War II. Some people have won two prizes, but this is rare; others have shared their prizes. 1. The word “foresaw” is nearest in meaning to A. prevailed B. postponed C. prevented D. predicted 2. The Nobel Prize was established in order to A. recognise worthwhile contributions to humanity B. resolve political differences C. honour the inventor of dynamite D. spend money 3. In which area have Americans received the most awards?A. Literature B. Peace C. Economics D. Science 4. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT A. awards vary ion monetary value B. ceremonies are held on December 10 to commemorate Nobel’s invention. C. politics plays an important role in selecting the winners. D. a few individuals have won two awards. 5. Is it implied that Nobel’s profession was in A. economics B. medicine C. literature D. science I. Read the following passage and answer the questions. The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit o eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. People of different cultures are more prone to contract certain illnesses because of the characteristic foods they consume. That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realised that nitrates and nitrites (commonly used to preserve colour in meats) as well as other food additives caused cancer. Yet, these additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which ingredients on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives that we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to cattle and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are administered to animals not for medicinal purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue. A healthy diet is directly related to good health. Often we are unaware of detrimental substances we ingest. Sometimes well-meaning farmers or others who do not realise the consequences add these substances to food without our knowledge. Choose the best answer to each question. 1. How has science done a disservice to people? A. Because of science, disease caused by contaminated food has been virtually eradicated. B. It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food. C. As a result of scientific intervention, some potentially harmful substances have been added to our food. D. The scientists have preserved the colour of meats, but not of vegetables. 2. The word “prone” is nearest in meaning to A. suitable B. unlikely C. healthy D. predisposed 3. What are nitrates used for? A. They preserve flavour in packaged foods B. They keep the colour of meat C. They are the objects of research D. They cause the animals to become fatter 4. The word “these” refers to A. meats B. colours C. researchers D. nitrates and nitrites 5. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT a. drugs are always given to animals for medical reasons B. some of the additives in our food are related to the food itself and some are given to the living animals C. researchers have known about the potential hazards of food additives for more than forty-five years. D. food may cause forty percent of the cancer in the world. 6. The word “additives” is close in meaning to A. added substance B. dangerous substances C. natural substances D. benign substances I. Read the following passage and answer the questions Cave men who roamed the earth centuries ago must have thought it strange that the moon had many different shapes. Sometimes it appeared as a thin white curve, sometimes as a half circle, and at other times as a huge orange disc. How must they have explained the moon's curious behaviour? Today, of course, we know why our satellite appears to have many shapes. Once a month the moon travels in a complete circle around the earth. And as it moves in its circle it seems to change shape. This is because we on earth see only that section of the moon that catches the sun's light. When the sun, the moon, and the earth are in a straight line -- with the moon in the middle -- we do not see the moon at all. At this point, the moon is said to be new. We are unable to see it in this position because the side facing the earth is in shadow. As the new moon begins to circle the earth, however, we begin to see part of its surface that catches the sun's light. After some days it reaches the position where we can see a half moon. When it moves further around to the position where the earth is between the sun and the moon, we see the full moon. Later it again becomes the new moon. This cycle takes twenty-eight days, or a month. If the cave men had known these simple facts which explain how and why the moon changes, they probably would have saved themselves much happiness. They could have enjoyed the beauty of the moon instead of fearing it each time it went out and seemed uncertain to reappear. 1. Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D 1. "The moon's curious behaviour's" means A. roaming the earth B. catching the sun's light C. travelling in a circle around the earth D. seeming to have many different shapes 2. To the eyes of people on earth A. only the moon's shape changes B. only the moon's colour changes C. both the moon's shape and its colour change D. neither the moon's shape nor its colour change 3. a thin white curve means A. the new moon B. the half moon C. the full moon D. the earth 4. our satellite means A. curious behaviour B. many shapes C. the earth D. the moon. 5. The moon becomes bigger and bigger A. when it is full B. between new moon and full moon C. between full moon and half moon D. between full moon and the time it disappears 6. Cave men were frightened when A. the moon was full B. the moon caught the sun's light C. the moon became bigger and bigger D. they didn't see the moon at all 7. The further the moon moves around to the position where the earth is between the sun and the moon, the ______ it becomes. A. smaller B. bigger C. stranger D. thinner 8. After the full moon position, the older the moon us, the ______ it becomes A. smaller B. bigger C. stranger D. simpler I. Read the following passage and answer the questions. Old and young, single and married, rich and poor – anyone can be lonely, irrespective of the number of friends, family and social contacts they re actually have. Some people are happy with one or two close friends, others are lost without a crowd – and others still are lost in a crowd. According to a poll, approximately 25 per cent of the population are lonely – with women, the elderly, the young, the single parent, the widowed and the unemployed most at risk. Middle-age married men with jobs and cars are the least likely to be lonely. Young mothers at home with children under five are particularly vulnerable to loneliness and depression, especially if the transition from working wife to house-bound mother had been a sudden one. Elderly people, particularly those who move to a new area on retirement, may be isolated from their families, and friends. Illness, disability and fear of going out alone also turn many pensioners into prisoners in their own homes. Teenagers’ natural shyness and self-consciousness may make them awkward in the company of their peers and the opposite sex. Single parents feel cut off from a couple-oriented society. Divorce can be shattering to the self-esteem. Divorced people may miss the companionship of even the most unsatisfactory marriages of course, do the widowed. With so many social contacts being made through work, unemployment can also lead to loneliness. TRUE or FALSE? 1. People with lots of friends and acquaintances do not suffer from loneliness. 2. Young women who have suddenly stopped working in order to have children often suffer from loneliness. 3. People who get divorced after very bad marriages never want to see each other again. Choose the phrase most similar in meaning to these words and phrases. 1. “ ... irrespective of the number of friends ....” A. with a small number of friends B. even with a lot of friends C. the number of friends doesn’t matter D. not to mention the number of friends 2. “ ... are particularly vulnerable to loneliness ...” A. are very likely to feel lonely B. hardly ever feel lonely C. feel lonely but don’t mind D. never feel lonely 3. “ ... in the company of their peers ...” A. with people of their own age B. with people older and more experienced C. with more confident people D. with respectable people I. Read the following passage and answer the questions. If you were to stop people in the street and ask them to name a ship that had been sunk, it is likely that nearly all of them would say the Titanic. For the sinking of the Titanic was, if not the most tragic, certainly the most famous sea disaster in the history of ocean travel. The Titanic was built as a luxury liner, intended to be the fastest in the world, and a great deal of publicity had surrounded it. The last point probably explains why so many important people from all walks of life were on the boat when it went down. The Titanic was on its maiden voyage to America in 1912 when it struck an iceberg and sank. Of its 2, 300 passengers, more than two-thirds were drowned. because the Titanic was thought to be virtually unsinkable, no one was prepared for the tragedy. There was a total panic as very few of the passengers had bothered to learn the necessary drill in the event of trouble. There was severe shortage of lifeboats and those that were launched were still half-empty. The one point of calm was to be found in the ballroom where the band carried on playing right to the very end. What makes the sinking of the Titanic even more tragic is the fact that warnings of iceberg had been sent, yet the liner was still continuing at full speed. In addition one ship was only ten miles away but did not receive the distress signal. One good thing did, however, result from the disaster. The whole question of safety at sea was looked into, resulting in much better safety measures, including stricter lifeboat regulations and the establishment of an iceberg patrol. 1. The sinking of the Titanic was A. the most tragic sea disaster B. the most historic sea disaster C. the most famous sea disaster D. the first great sea disaster 2. Why were so many important people on board? A. The Titanic had received a lot of publicity B. The Titanic was a luxury liner. C. It was the fastest liner in the world D. They wanted to go to America 3. The lifeboats were A. too short B. launched too soon C. half finished D. poorly equipped 4. The chance of disaster were increased because A. no warnings had been sent B. the dance band was playing too loud C. The Titanic was travelling too fast D. there were no distress calls. 5. The positive result of the disaster was that A. a full inquiry was made B. a programme of iceberg destruction was started C. lifeboats were made larger D. sea travel was made safer I. Read the following passage and answer the questions. The natural world is under violent assault from man. The seas and rivers are being poisoned by radioactive wastes, by chemical discharges and by the dumping of dangerous toxins and raw sewage. The air we breathe is polluted by smoke and fumes from factories and motor vehicles; even the rain is poisoned. It is little wonder that forests and lakes are being destroyed and everywhere wildlife is disappearing. Yet the destruction continues. Governments and industries throughout the world are intensifying their efforts to extract the earth’s mineral riches and to plunder its living resources. The great rain-forests and the frozen continents alike are seriously threatened despite the warnings of the scientific community and the deep concern of millions of ordinary people. Despite the fact, too, that we can create environmentally-clean industries, harness the power of the sun, wind and waves for our energy needs and manage the finite resources of the earth in a way that will safeguard our future and protect all the rich variety of life-forms which share this planet with us. But there is still hope. The forces of destruction are being challenged across the globe, and at the spearhead of this challenge is Greenpeace. Wherever the environment is in danger, Greenpeace had made a stand. The scientific presentations and peaceful direct actions at sea and on land have shocked governments and industries into an awareness that Greenpeace will not allow the natural world to be destroyed. Those actions, too, have won the admiration and support of millions. Now you can strengthen the thin green line; you can make your voice heard in defence of the living world by joining Greenpeace today. Choose the best answers to the questions. 1. Which one of these statements is not made? A. Drinking water is polluted B. Radioactive waste poisons the sea. C. Sewage isn’t processed. D. Cars and factories poison the air. 2. The writer________ forests and lakes are being destroyed. A. is surprised that B. is unsure why C. wonders why D. understands 3. Rain forests are being destroyed because governments and industries A. are unaware of what they are doing wrong. B. are rich and powerful C. choose to ignore criticism D. basically care about the environment 4. The earth's resources A. should only be for people B. can be made to last longer C. will last forever D. belong to just humans and animals 5. Governments and industries A. don't know what Greenpeace thinks B. are forced to understand the problems by Greenpeace C. can easily ignore Greenpeace D. misunderstand what Greenpeace thinks I. Read the passage and answer the questions. TRAVEL AND TOURISM. Faraway places with strange-sounding names lure the traveller with promises of enchantment, excitement, diverse forms of entertainment, and new kinds of food. The urge to travel is as old as civilisation. Today travel and tourism account for the largest portion of money spent in international commerce. National tourism expenditures in the early 1980s were more than $100 billion. Domestic tourism was much greater. The modern travel industry is organised to cater to every need and desire of the individual traveller. While travel was once an uncertain and hazardous event, it is now an easily planned and revolutionised by vast improvements in transportation, computer technology, and networks of international communication. The individual traveller is concerned about where to go, how to get there, where to stay, where to eat, and what to see. The travel industry is organised to meet these concerns in a variety of ways: travel agents and tour companies, transport companies, hotel reservation systems, ground transport companies, restaurant reservation systems, and local or national tourism boards. Unless the trip is a business or family necessity, the first interest in the mind of the prospective traveller is where to go and what to see. The mass of information available to satisfy the traveller’s curiosity is virtually unlimited. Nearly every nation has a national tourism board, and within nations there are tourism bureaux in states, provinces, and cities. All of these advertise extensively in order to attract tourists. Competition in the travel business is intense, and many localities depend heavily on tourism for income. Which of the following statement is true? Man started to travel a very long time ago. A lot more money was spent on national tourism rather than on local tourism. Travel used to be considered to be unsafe. Scientific and technological improvements have made travel a luxury. Travellers often want to know about the destination, means of transport, restaurants, and places to visit. Means of transport are the first concern of travellers. Travelling organisations have been trying to provide good services. Travel advertisements can be seen in many places. Tourism is a competitive business. I. Read the passage and answer the questions. For the seventh year in a row, thousands of scientists from around the world gathered last week to share their research and insights on the frustrating disease that has challenged them for a decade. Although this year’s international Conference on AIDS in Florence was less politicised than previous years, there were some bitter demonstrations over a US immigration policy that bans anyone carrying the AIDS virus. There were gloomy predictions that by 1997, 15 million people will be infected world wide. But the conference offered good news as well: researchers now understand better why some people carrying the virus remain free of symptoms for a decade or more and new drugs hold out the promise of prolonging many lives. AIDS will be with use for a long time to come. An estimate shows that 8 million to 10 million people are infected right now. By 1997 newly-diagnosed cases of the disease will likely reach a plateau in the industrialised world, but transmission will explore in the developing nations. In Asia, AIDS is spreading fastest in Thailand and India. During the next couple of decades in the third world, AIDS will become the leading cause of death for adults in their most productive years. Questions. 1. The purpose of the International Conference on AIDS in Florence is A. to protest against the US immigration policy AIDS infected people. B. to officially announce new drugs for AIDS treatment. C. for scientists to exchange knowledge about AIDS D. to raise money for AIDS research. 2. According to the passage, A. at least 10 million people are infected at the moment. B. By 1997, cases of the diseases will be found to be the highest in the developed countries. C. In the coming 20 years, AIDS will become the leading cause of death in the third word countries. D. AIDS will be eliminated within 20 years. 3. Give the synonyms of: gather, previous, prediction, transmission, prolonging I. Read the following passage and answer the questions. Protect Alarms plc Are you worried by the rising crime rate? If you are, then you probably know that your house, possessions and person are increasingly in danger of suffering from the tremendous rise in the cases of burglary and assault. Figures indicate an ever-increasing crime rate but it is only too easy to imagine. It will never happen to me. Unfortunately, statistics show that it really can happen to you and, if you live in a large city, you run twice the risk of being a victim. Fortunately, there is something definite which you can do. Protect Alarms can help to protect your house with a burglar alarm system which is effective, simple to operate and easily affordable. You must remember that possessing a burglar alarm is no indication that your house is packed with valuable possessions. It quite simply indicates to unwelcome visitors that yours is one house they will not break into easily so they can carry on to an unprotected house where their job is made a lot easier. Send now for our free leaflet telling you how we can Protect Alarm your house quickly, easily and cheaply. Complete and tear off the slip below and post it to us. postage is free. Alternatively, telephone us on 3276721 where we have a round-the-clock answering service. It costs nothing to find out about Protect Alarms. Questions. 1. Anyone who takes an interest in the crime rate will, according to the text, be aware that: A. more burglars are being caught than ever before. B. people have more possessions to worry about nowadays. C. burglars are more at risk than they used to be. D. homes are more likely to be broken into nowadays. 2. It seems that people who live in cities are A. more often victims than those living in other areas. B. of the opinion that statistics are wrong. C. twice as well-off as people living in other areas D. of the opinion that burglars only rob unprotected homes. 3. The writers of this text want to give the impression that the Protect Alarms System is A. elementary B. everlasting C. experimental D. economical 4. The article claims that possessing an alarm system will A. show burglars that you have something worth stealing B. persuade burglars not to break into your house C. make the burglars’ job less complicated D. persuade burglars to try again another time 5. In order to find out more information about this alarm system, one can A. buy a leaflet B. write enclosing a stamped, addressed envelope C. sign a contract D. phone at any time of day or night I. Read the following passage and answer the questions. It is a common saying that we do not fully value a thing until we lose it. We often value the love and worth of a friend when he has been taken from us by death, more than when he was with us in the flesh; it is only when we have left school or college that we understand the greatness of our opportunity of education, which has gone forever; and it is the sick and the ailing who realise the value of good health. When we are young and strong, we cannot imagine what it is to be weak and ailing. We are so used to vigorous health that we take it for granted. The organs of our body work so smoothly that we scarcely know we have lungs and liver, heart and stomach. But when any of these gets upset and gives us pain and sickness, we learn by bitter experience what an unspeakable blessing it is to be well. It is therefore wise and necessary to learn in time, before we have lost our health, that it can be ignored with impurity. In the long run they will avenge themselves on us if we forget them, even if they do not do so at once. At first we may not feel the results of excesses and unhealthy habits; but we certainly have some day. Loss of health makes us miserable, and a burden to ourselves and our friends. It cripples our efforts, so that we cannot accomplish many of the good and great things we might have done. It spoils our life. What must we do to keep our health? We must be moderate in eating and drinking, and wise in the choice of plain, wholesome simple food. Gluttony has killed thousands, and strong drink tens of thousands. We must, when young, get plenty of sleep, which is "nature's sweet restorer", and not try to burn the candle at both ends. We must live as much as possible in the open air and keep our rooms well ventilated. We must get sufficient and regular physical exercise; and keep our bodies clean. And we must avoid bad habits and secret sins as we avoid the devil, and keep our thoughts clean and our bodies pure. Our ideal must be, the sound mind in the sound body. 1. According to the passage, we often appreciate our friends A. only when they are with us B. only when they are good to us B. only when they passed away C. only when they live a long way from us 2. We do not take care of our health because A. we are always in good health B. most of diseases can be cured nowadays C. we are so accustomed to good health C. we are so busy making a living 3. Poor health makes us A. useless B. unable to fulfil our expectations C. a shame to our friends D. fail to become famous 4. According to the author, having plenty of sleep when we are young A. is wasting our time B. can help us regain our strength C. may cause loss of health D. can reduce our vigour 5. The best tile for the passage is A. Health and Human Aspirations B. Heath and Our Success C. How to Keep Our Health D. The Value of Health I. Read the passage and answer the questions. Like so many other materials in Japan, paper too has come in for many hundreds of years of artistic consideration. At one period of the country's history, the paper on which a poem was written was an important as the poem itself. A thousand years ago there were whole towns actively engaged in making paper. Such towns still exist, but there were also many farming villages which then, as they do today, made paper to earn extra income during the winter. At present, about half of Japan's farmers must add to their incomes with winter jobs. Although a large amount of winter employment is provided by construction companies, some farmers continue to work at such cottage industries as paper-making. The farmer who makes paper may interrupt his work at any point to perform other jobs in the home and the fields. For both farmer and professional, sun, wind, and running water are necessary. And because nature is not always reliable, it too may interrupt the process of paper-making. These factors cause, day by day, month by month, and year by year, the small variations in colour and quality of handmade paper. A keen sensitivity to the small differences of weather, growing cycles, purity of water, quality of plants, and temperature is required. This is learnt over many years of living close to nature. 1. Who in Japan today earns extra money by making paper? A. the majority of Japanese farmers. B. people who also work for construction companies C. fewer than half of Japan's farmers D. the inhabitants of certain towns 2. The colour and quality of handmade paper vary because A. there may be unexpected changes in weather B. it takes such a long time to make C. the process can often be interrupted. D. the farmer may not have much experience 3. What do we learn about paper-making? A. It is hard outdoor work. B. it requires artistic skills C. It is highly profitable business D. it is performed all year round 4. The word "engaged" means most nearly the same as A. rented B. interested C. concentrated D. occupied 5. Which of the following can discontinue the paper-making process? A. age B. weather C. skills D. experience I. Read the following passage and answer the questions. A national political struggle is continuing over the issue of protection for the remnants of vast ancient forests that once covered the north-western areas of the US. These old forests, called “old growth” contains trees from 200 to 1,200 years old. There are now about 6 million acres of virgin forest in Washington and Oregon, only about one-tenth of what existed before the 1800s. This old growth contains some of the most valuable timber in the nation, but its economic worth is also contained in its water, wildlife, scenery, and recreational facilities. Conservationists want the majority of existing old growth protected from harvesting. They emphasise the vital relationship between old growth and the health of the forest’s ecosystem. They cite studies that show that both downed and standing old trees store and release nutrients necessary to younger trees. On the other hand, much of the Northwest’s economy is developed around the logging industry. Trees are cut down to make wood products, and many mills are geared for old-growth industry. In recent years, 500 acres of old growth have been logged, including trees up to 500 years old and eight feet in diameter. Although the US Forest Service wrestles with the problem of how much of the forest to save, the harvesting of timber continues. The district office refused to remove any of the old growth from timber production. The struggle is continuing at the national level, with strong proponents on both sides. 1.The best tile for this passage is A. Ancient Forests of the Northwest B. The US Forest Service C. The Harvesting of Old-Growth Timber D. The Wood-Based Economy of the Northwest 2. According to the passage, conservationists would agree that A. old-growth trees are not necessary for the health of the forest B. fallen trees should not be taken away C. most of the old-growth trees do not need protection D. young trees should not be logged 3. The struggle is between A. Oregon and Washington B. Oregon and the US Forest Service C. Conservationists and the logging industry D. conservationists and the state of Oregon 4. Before the 1800s A. there were six million trees B. old growth was not cut down C. the trees had more economic value D. there were more virgin forests 5. Studies show that young trees gain nutrients from A. wildlife B. virgins C. old trees D. wood products I. Read the passage and answer the questions. Human memory, formerly believed to be rather inefficient, is really more sophisticated than that of a computer. Researchers approaching the problem from a variety of points of view have all concluded that there is a great deal more stored in our minds than has been generally supposes. Dr, Wilder Penfield, a Canadian neurosurgeon, proved that by stimulating their brains electrically, he could elicit the total recall of specific events in his subjects' lives. Even dreams and other minor events supposedly forgotten for many years suddenly emerged in detail. Although the physical basis for memory is not yet understood, one theory is that the fantastic capacity for storage in the brain is the result of an almost unlimited combination of interconnections between brain cells, stimulated by patterns of activity. Repeated references to the same information supports recall. Or, to say that another way, improved performance is the result of strengthening the chemical bonds in the memory. QUESTIONS 1. With what topic is the passage mainly concerned? A. Wilder Penfield B. Human memory C. Neurosurgery D. Chemical reactions 2. According to the passage, researchers have concluded that A. the mind has a much greater capacity for memory than was previously believed B. the physical basis for memory is clear C. different points of view are valuable D. human memory is inefficient 3. How did Penfield elicit dreams and other minor events from the past? A. by surgery B. by repetition C. by electric stimulation D. by chemical stimulation 4. According to the passage, the capacity for storage in the brain A. can be understood by examining the psychology B. is stimulated by patterns of activity C. has a limited combination of relationships D. is not influenced by repetition 5. The word "bonds" means A. promises B. agreements C. connections D. responsibilities I. Read the passage and answer the questions. Although speech is the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using speech. Signals, signs, symbols, and gestures may be found in every known culture. The main function of a signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts attention, as for example, the dots and dashes of a telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication is very great. Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain meaning in and of themselves. a stop sign or a barber pole conveys, meaning quickly and more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver's cultural perceptions. In some cultures, applauding in a theatre provides performers with an auditory symbol of approval. Gestures such as waving and handshaking also communicate certain cultural messages. Although signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are very useful, they do not have a major disadvantage. They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver. As a result, means of communication intended to be used for long distances and extended periods are based on speech. Radio, television, and the telephone are only a few. 1. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Signs, Signals, and Symbols B. Gestures C. Communication D. Speech 2. What does the author say about speech? A. That it is the only true form of communication B. That it is dependent upon the advances made by inventors C. That it is necessary for communication to occur D. That it is the most advanced form of communication 3. Applauding was cited as an example of A. signal B. a signal C. a symbol D. a gesture 4. Why were the telephone, radio, and TV invented? A. Because people were unable to understand signs, symbols, and signals B. Because people wanted to communicate across long distances C. Because people believed that signs, signals, and symbols were obsolete D. Because people wanted new forms of entertainme