Báo cáo Nghiên cứu khoa học Principles of Good Fish Breeding

1AusAID CARD: Better breeds of common carp Principles of Good Fish Breeding The long term productivity and improvement through selective breeding of any population of cultured fish species depends upon good breeding and good genetics AusAID CARD: Better breeds of common carp Good Environment It is very important to provide the best home for carp in your ponds with the best water, food and care 2AusAID CARD: Better breeds of common carp Good Quality Fish (Good Genetics) Strong healthy fish that breed and grow well X AusAID CARD: Better breeds of common carp Need two have both of these! To grow the best fish need good stock and good environment + GOOD ENVIRONMENT + GOOD FISH 3AusAID CARD: Better breeds of common carp Keep Broodstock Genetically Healthy X Brother Sister VERY UNHEALTHY! AusAID CARD: Better breeds of common carp Keep Broodstock Genetically Healthy X Unrelated Unrelated VERY HEALTHY! 4AusAID CARD: Better breeds of common carp Talk With Scientists at Fish Breeding Institutions RIA1 Me Linh Station (Vinh Phuc) Also National Broodstock Centre Hai Duong AusAID CARD: Better breeds of common carp Genetics of fish broodstock All good genetics comes wild populations Genes for growth, survival, fecundity, colour, disease resistance Which population? River C River B River A 5AusAID CARD: Better breeds of common carp Genetics of fish broodstock All good genetics comes wild populations Genes for growth, survival, fecundity, colour, disease resistance Which population? River 1 River 2 River 3 √√√√√ X √√ AusAID CARD: Better breeds of common carp Genetics of Fish Broodstock Best to select many fish from many populations River A River B River C Domestic Population/ Experimental Strain for selective breeding 6AusAID CARD: Better breeds of common carp Genetics of Fish Broodstock Best to select many fish from many populations Good stock for breeding Good stock for farming But a good genetic stock can be become genetically unhealthy - for growth, poor breeding, poor survival, poor survival AusAID CARD: Better breeds of common carp Genetic changes in fish broodstock To another farm Population Mixing Wild population To a farm Inbreeding! Cure for inbreeding 7AusAID CARD: Better breeds of common carp Genetics of fish broodstock Too much domestication and bad breeding (brother/sister/cousin spawning) and too few broodstock gives bad broodstock quality Mixing different stocks and using genetically improved strains improves the health of brood stock and the fry and fingerlings that are produced from them AusAID CARD: Better breeds of common carp Recommendations For Keeping Healthy Broodstock • Use at least 50 broodstock (100 – 200 is better) or mix smaller numbers of different strains • Make sure your broodstock are from different familes or a mixture of strains • Use equal numbers of male and female fish • Hatchery spawning as is better than pond spawning • Use pair spawning in the hatchery if possible • Replace broodstock regularly with genetically improved strains or the best growing fish from the ponds of different farmers 8AusAID CARD: Better breeds of common carp If you buy fry of fingerlings • Try and make sure they do not belong to a single or a small number of related families • Are they from good stocks (ie NBC, RIA1)? • How were they bred - pond or pair spawning? • Do the fish have any abnormalities (missing fins, twisted bodies) • Is there colour or shape variation among the fry/fingerlings AusAID CARD: Better breeds of common carp Some more questions for discussion • Do you grow local common carp? • How do they compare with genetically improved strains? • Is it better to pay more money for fingerlings from better strains? • If you are a farmer have you talked to scientists from government hatcheries or research stations? 9AusAID CARD: Better breeds of common carp Even more questions: So many breeds of common carp…. A Which is best for the market? Which grows best? Which survives best? How can you develop better breeds for your farm? AusAID CARD: Better breeds of common carp Thank you I look forward to learning more about common carp farming from you Lets us work together!