Báo cáo Nghiên cứu khoa học Livestock Research Priorities 2008-2012

Collaboration for Agriculture and Rural Development (CARD) Program Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development Livestock Research Priorities 2008-2012 Priority Setting Workshop Hanoi December 2007 Livestock Research and Development Priorities i TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction................................................................................................................. 1 2 Methodology............................................................................................................... 2 2.1 Objectives ........................................................................................................... 2 2.2 Research Priority Framework ............................................................................. 2 2.3 Pre-Workshop Preparation.................................................................................. 3 2.3.1 Organisation and Planning.......................................................................... 3 2.3.2 Training in Priority Setting Methodology................................................... 3 2.3.3 Areas of Research Opportunity................................................................... 3 2.3.4 Data & Evaluation Sheets and Workshop Instructions............................... 4 2.4 Workshop Format ............................................................................................... 4 2.4.1 Workshop Venues and Format.................................................................... 4 2.4.2 Workshop Chairpersons and Group Facilitators......................................... 4 2.4.3 Workshop Process....................................................................................... 4 3 Workshop Results ....................................................................................................... 5 3.1 Return on Investment.......................................................................................... 5 3.1.1 Comment..................................................................................................... 6 3.2 Attractiveness...................................................................................................... 7 3.2.1 Comment..................................................................................................... 7 3.3 Feasibility............................................................................................................ 8 3.3.1 Comment..................................................................................................... 9 4 Priorities within ARDOs........................................................................................... 10 5 Investment Portfolio ................................................................................................. 12 6 The Next Steps.......................................................................................................... 12 Attachments 1. Livestock Sub-sector Priority Setting Workbook 2. Livestock Sub-sector Priority Setting Data and Information Sheets Livestock Research and Development Priorities 1 1 Introduction The Government of Vietnam’s Socio-Economic Plan outlines the government’s expectations for agriculture and rural development. In 2007 MARD outlined the targets for livestock production. By 2010 pig numbers are expected to be 35-40 million, buffalo 2.8-3.0 million, beef cattle 6.5 million, with 200,000 dairy cows producing 300,000 tonnes of fresh milk. In addition the target for poultry is 380-390 million head. These targets suggest growth in production in the livestock sector of 12-15% per annum, compared with a projected growth in agriculture as a whole of 3-5%. Vietnam is a net importer of livestock products and as per capita income increases it is expected that the demand for livestock products, particularly red meat and milk will continue to outstrip local capacity to supply. Major structural change in the livestock sector has been slow, but particularly in the pig and poultry sectors the development of intensive, larger scale commercial production is now occurring. This structural change is likely to quicken with a requirement for significantly increased capital investment. Research in livestock production has traditionally focused on small-scale production systems but in recent years research has contributed to the development of larger scale intensive production systems. For large animals, the capacity to provide sufficient adequate quality feed is a major limiting factor in increasing production and expansion of the beef and milk production industries will depend on improved use of residues from crop production, development of cost effective feed supplements and additives and introduction and expansion of new and improved forages. For smaller animals, pigs and poultry the development of intensive breeding, rearing and finishing systems is also necessary. The ability of Vietnam to compete with lower priced, higher quality imported livestock products is low and unless this can be significantly improved the cost to Vietnam for importation of livestock products will continue to increase. Above all Vietnam is vulnerable to outbreaks of infectious diseases which can cause catastrophic losses in the livestock sector and can pose a threat to human health. Development of new and improved disease prevention and control mechanisms will be critical to achievement of production targets. The opportunities for research to contribute to continued expansion in the contribution of the livestock sector to the national GDP have increased and the research issues have become more complex. However there is limit to the research resources (human, financial and infrastructure) that can be directed towards delivery of benefits from research. Because of the limit on resources it is necessary for the livestock research community to be selective in investing those resources in priority research programs that are most likely to provide the highest return on investment. A key policy question is what research to invest in. The development of a research priority framework and research investment portfolio is the first step of a research strategy that will lead to improved relevance and impact of research. Research priority setting is therefore an important step in the research resource allocation process. Methodologies for priority setting have been adapted for use in Vietnam in conjunction with the AusAID funded Collaboration for Agriculture and Rural Development (CARD) Program. Livestock Research and Development Priorities 2 This report details the methodology and results obtained from the Livestock Research Priority Workshop held in Hanoi on December 12th 2007. The research priorities determined at this workshop is the first step in identification of priority research programs and the determination of a research investment portfolio. Once this task is complete MARD will prepare and publish its Medium-Term Livestock Research Plan. 2 Methodology 2.1 Objectives  To demonstrate an appropriate priority setting methodology suitable for future use by MARD.  To determine the priorities for investment in Areas of Research and Development Opportunity (ARDOs) for the Livestock Sub-sector  To determine the relative priority of livestock crops/species/products within ARDOs  To outline the next steps in development of research strategies for high priority research programs and the development of a Medium-Term Research Plan. 2.2 Research Priority Framework Priority analysis is based on a criterion based analytical framework1, which has been adapted to conditions in different developing countries. The conceptual framework is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 Research Priority Framework 1 Foster, R.N., Linden, L.H., Whiteley, R.L., and Kantrow, A.M., Improving the Return on R & D, in ‘Measuring and Improving the Performance and Return on R & D’ IRI, New York (originally published in Research Management January 1985. Livestock Research and Development Priorities 3 The Methodology was detailed in a Workshop Workbook (Attachment 1) supported by ARDO Data and Information Sheets (Attachment 2). The workshop aim was to create ownership through developing a consensus between users and providers of research for the research priorities. Sixty stakeholders, representing researchers and research managers, extension workers, universities and the private sector enterprise and researchers participated in the workshop. The workshop process required individual participants to score each Area of Research & Development Opportunity (ARDO) for each of the 4 criteria (Potential Benefits, Ability (or constraints) to Capture Benefits, Research Potential and Research Capacity) before they attended the workshop. Working groups, facilitated by trained and MARD staff discussed the reasons behind individual priority scores and each participant was invited to rescore if they desired. Individual Scoring Sheets were collected and entered in an EXCEL Spreadsheet. Within each of the ARDOs the livestock crops/species/products that made up the ARDOs were also prioritised as a first step towards the development of multi-disciplinary priority research programmes. 2.3 Pre-Workshop Preparation 2.3.1 Organisation and Planning MARD established a Research and Development Priority Setting Working Group (WG) to assist in the development of methodologies and processes that could be applied across all sub-sectors of the Primary Sector (Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries and Livestock). The WG’s task was to provide the authority and direction for establishment of agricultural research priorities. A workshop outlining the priority setting process was presented to the WG and individual WG members undertook to promote the process and facilitate and chair priority setting workshops. 2.3.2 Training in Priority Setting Methodology MARD established a Monitoring and Evaluation Network (M&EN). The M&EN consisted of staff from the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and staff from research institutes with responsibility for monitoring and evaluation. Two workshops were completed with the M&EN and at the conclusion of these workshops 12 M&EN members had demonstrated their understanding of the methodology. M&EN members facilitated priority setting planning workshops and provided group facilitation services at national priority setting workshops. 2.3.3 Areas of Research Opportunity A workshop of key research staff from Livestock and Veterinary Research Institutions participated in a preliminary workshop designed to reach agreement on Livestock ARDOs. Livestock Research and Development Priorities 4 Seven ARDOs were defined. The format for each ARDO of the Data and Evaluation Sheets was outlined. Key staff from Research Institutions with a broad knowledge of the livestock industry and specialist technical expertise were identified and appointed as ARDO Leaders. The ARDO Leaders took responsibility for preparing draft Data and Evaluation Sheets. The Seven ARDOS were: ARDO 1: Large Animals ARDO 2: Small Ruminant Animals ARDO 3: Pig Production ARDO 4: Poultry ARDO 5: Productive Insects ARDO 6: Veterinary Vaccines & Animal Remedies ARDO 7: Animal Feed Processing & Conservation 2.3.4 Data & Evaluation Sheets and Workshop Instructions Draft Data and Evaluation Sheets were prepared and the PMU critiqued and edited them to ensure that critical information was supplied and all data and evaluation sheets had a similar format and content. Data and Evaluation Sheets for each of the 7 ARDOs were prepared as a separate publication (Attachments 1 and 2) and distributed to invitees prior to the workshop. The methodology was outlined and each workshop participant was asked to read all workshop material and make a preliminary score for each of the four evaluation criteria. 2.4 Workshop Format 2.4.1 Workshop Venues and Format One workshop was facilitated at the La Thanh Hotel Hanoi on December 12th 2007. 2.4.2 Workshop Chairpersons and Group Facilitators Mr Hoang Kim Giao, (Department of Livestock Production and Mr Le Van Bam, (Department of Science & Technology) took dual responsibility for chairing the Priority Setting Workshop. Members of the M&EN and additional Fisheries research institute staff met with the CARD Technical coordinator prior to each workshop to outline the process of facilitation of work tables during the priority setting workshop. Workgroup Facilitators were:  Mr. Vu Chi Cuong, National Institute of Animal Husbandry  Mr. Phạm Sy Tiep, National Institute of Animal Husbandry  Mr. Tong Xuan Chinh, Department of Livestock Production  Mr. Trịnh Phu Ngọc, Veterinary Institute  Mr. Nguyen Viet Hai, Department of Science & Technology 2.4.3 Workshop Process The workshop followed the following steps: Livestock Research and Development Priorities 5 1. Workshop format and process outlined, including a brief description of the methodology and an outline of the priority framework 2. Detailed description of the Potential Benefit evaluation criteria including the key assessment issues 3. Preliminary scoring for Potential Benefits for each ARDO by each workshop participant 4. Work table discussion on reasons for high and low scores for Potential Benefits and reassessment of preliminary scores by each participant 5. Collection of individual scoring sheets and entry of individual scores for Potential Benefit for each ARDO. 6. Repetition of steps 2 – 5 for each of the remaining evaluation criteria (Ability to Capture, Research Potential and Research Capacity 7. Formation of specialist groups for each ARDO and prioritisation of crops/outputs within each ARDO 8. Presentation of workshop results to participants 9. Outline of Next Critical Steps in the development of research priorities 3 Workshop Results 3.1 Return on Investment Return on investment is the product of attractiveness and feasibility. The relative return on investment in each area of research opportunity is summarised below 28 Workshop Output – Return on Investment 7. Animal Feed Processing & Conservation 6. Veterinary Vaccines & Animal Remedies 5. Productive Insects 4. Poultry 3. Pig Production 2. Small Ruminant Animals 1. Large Animals RET URN FROM INVEST MENT IN EACH AREA OF RESEARCH OPPORT UNIT Y 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 Feasibility Attractive- ness Livestock Research and Development Priorities 6 3.1.1 Comment The main points arising from the workshop’s Return on Investment assessment are: Highest Return on Investment  ARDO 6 (Veterinary Vaccines and Animal Remedies) was assessed as having the highest return for investment in research. The high return on investment is expected because of a high potential for research to contribute to improved productivity of the livestock sector. Return on investment could be increased even further if Attractiveness, which was relatively low due to a perceived low Likelihood of Uptake and improved capacity in this ARDO, could be achieved. High returns on investment in research in this ARDO are no doubt due to the high risk in Vietnam of large numbers of deaths from infectious diseases and the high impact of clinical and sub-clinical diseases on animal productivity.  The overall Return on Investment for research into pigs and poultry was similar and only slightly lower than ARDO 6. The main reason for relatively high return on investment is the size of the pig and poultry industries and the potential for improved productivity as restructuring occurs in both industries with a move towards larger, intensive systems that have the capacity to adopt new technology more easily. However the return on investment was lowered due to a relative low research potential. This may be due to a comparatively high level of research input in the past, a view that for traditional systems the extra gains from research are limited and the fact that intensive commercial production systems tend to import technology and equipment and provide their own research capabilities. Medium Return on Investment  This group of ARDOs includes Large Animals (ARDO 1) and Animal Feed Processing and Conservation (ARDO 7).  Both ARDOs have a relatively high Feasibility score, but only moderate attractiveness scores. Assessment of each of the four criteria indicates that while the potential benefit, research potential and research capacity was relatively high, the likelihood of uptake was comparatively low. Reasons for these score include the small scale of large animal enterprises making it difficult to adopt improvements in animal breeding through selection and crossbreeding, the difficulties associated with access to and storage and value adding for crops residues to be used as animal feedstuffs, a lack of grazing areas, particularly during the rice growing seasons, the control of the processes feeds industry by large often foreign dominated feed processing companies and the lack of resources to adopt forage production and conservation systems. Low Return on Investment  The return on investment in research in ARDO 2 (Small Animals) and ARDO 5 (Productive Insects) is comparatively low. However the research potential for productive insects was at a moderate level indicating that diversification of bee products and products and identification of more productive silk worms could provide a niche research investment opportunity. Livestock Research and Development Priorities 7 3.2 Attractiveness Attractiveness is a realistic estimate of the relative benefits likely to be achieved. It is assessed by plotting ARDO Potential Benefits to Vietnam against the Ability to Capture those benefits (Likelihood of Uptake). The Figure below summarises the scores provided by individual participants at the workshop. 26 Workshop Output - Attractiveness 7. Animal Feed Processing & Conservation 6. Veterinary Vaccines & Animal Remedies 5. Productive Insects 4. Poultry 3. Pig Production 2. Small Ruminant Animals 1. Large Animals AT T RACT IVENESS OF R&D FOR EACH ARDO 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 Likelihood of uptake Potential Benefits 3.2.1 Comment The main points arising from the workshop’s Attractiveness assessment are: High Attractiveness  Pig production was the most attractive livestock industry for Vietnam. This reflects the size of the pig industry, the structural change that is occurring in the development of larger scale and more intensive production systems. Attractiveness for poultry production was also high, but lower than for pig production. Although the structural changes in the poultry industry are further advanced with large scale commercial companies involved in production the lower potential benefit may be associated with the potential impact of disease such as avian influenza and an assessment that the risks associated with poultry production are greater than those for pig production.  The workshop assessed that the ability to capture the benefits was high for both pig and poultry production and this may be due to most rural households having Livestock Research and Development Priorities 8 significant experience in traditional pig and poultry production systems and the generally rapid adoption of technology by larger scale production systems. Medium Attractiveness  The next group of ARDOs includes Veterinary Vaccines and Animal Remedies, Large Animals and Animal Feed Processing and Conservation.  ARDO 6, Veterinary Vaccines and Animal Remedies has a high potential benefit (as high as pigs, higher than poultry). Attractiveness was lower due to the workshop assessment that it is more difficult for the livestock industry in general to capture the benefits of advances in animal health products and management practices. This may be due to a perception that the technology is more complex with difficulties in diagnosis, delivery, administration and timing of use of vaccines and animal remedies and a general inability to recognize clinical and sub-clinical disease impact on animal productivity. Any action to improve the ability of capture of the veterinary vaccine and animal remedies ARDO is likely to significantly improve attractiveness.  Large Animals and Animal Feed Processing and Conservation have similar attractiveness. Both these ARDOs are linked with further development of large animal production reliant on improvements in feeding systems, including supplementary feeds, better use of crop residues, feed processing, feed quality and improved forage production and feed conservation. These improvements also require application of more advanced and complex technologies and this may be the reason for a lower likelihood of uptake for both these ARDOs. Low Attractiveness  The low attractiveness ARDOs include Small Ruminants and Productive Insects. The small size of these production systems is the main reason for a low potential benefit as even large percentage increases in production will only have a relatively low impact on total livestock productivity.  The potential benefit for Small Ruminant Animals was higher than for Productive Insects, but the likelihood of uptake of improved technologies in productive insects was higher than small ruminants. Improved product diversity in productive insects is likely to improve potential benefit and therefore improve attractiveness and this is an opportunity for research to explore. 3.3 Feasibility Relative feasibility a realistic estimate of the likely contribution research would make to achieve the potential impact. It is determined by plotting research and development potential against research and development capacity. The Figure below summarises the workshop results. Livestock Research and Development Priorities 9 27 Workshop Output - Feasibility 7. Animal Feed Processing & Conservation 6. Veterinary Vaccines & Animal Remedies 5. Productive Insects 4. Poultry 3. Pig Production 2. Small Ruminant Animals 1. Large Animals FEASIBILIT Y OF R&D FOR EACH ARO 1 2 3 45 6 7 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 R&D Capacity R&D Potential 3.3.1 Comment The main points arising from the workshop’s Feasibility assessment include: R&D Potential  Research in the Veterinary Vaccines and Animal Remedies ARDO is considered to have a relatively high contribution towards achievement of potential impact. No doubt this is because Vietnam has a relatively high risk of exposure to infectious diseases such as avian influenza, foot and mouth and blue tongue that can cause high death rates. Vietnam is also exposed to a wide range of production diseases, many of which can be controlled through vaccination, and administration of suitable animal remedies. Many vaccines and animal remedies are imported and there is a view that these may be able to be produced in Vietnam at a lower cost and they could be more effective against local disease strains.  Research potential in two linked ARDOs (Large Animals and Animal Feed Processing and conservation are, but a lower, contribution towards achievement of potential impact than the Veterinary Vaccines and Animal Remedies ARDO. Research technologies for improvement in these two ARDOs is likely to be less complex than for veterinary vaccines and animal remedies and will probably focus on breed improvement, adaptation, feeding systems and management practices. Livestock Research and Development Priorities 10  The workshop assessed that the R&D potential for four ARDOs (Small ruminant Animals, Productive Insects, Pig Production and Poultry was relatively low. Pig and poultry research has in the past been the main focus for livestock research and the lower research potential probably reflects the perception that further gains from research as considered less likely in the future. The lower research potential in these two ARDOs may also reflect the fact that large intensive commercial pig and poultry production systems tend to import technology from abroad and undertake their own research, thus in many cases leaving public research institutions in a catch up phase rather than leaders in technology development. R&D Capacity  There is a view that research capacity could be strengthened in all ARDOs. However the resource available to improve capacity in all ARDOs is limited. The main issue is what are the priorities for research capacity development?  Capacity development should also be aligned with research priorities and for ARDOs that lie above the diagonal line, feasibility (research outputs) could be improved by an increase in skills and resources.  It seems clear from the workshop output above that if research capacity in ARDO 6 (Veterinary Vaccines and Animal Remedies) could be significantly improved then the feasibility of research in this ARDO would be much improved. This in turn would significantly improve the Return on Investment for Research in ARDO 6 (already the highest)  For ARDOs below the diagonal line, the workshop output suggested that there is adequate capacity to enable delivery of expected research potential.  In the preparation of capacity development plans, these results suggest that there may be a potential to transfer some of the existing research capacity in pig and poultry research into other areas (notably ARDO 6 and to a lesser extent ARDOs 1, 7 and 5). Development of improved research capacity in these ARDOs will take time, but there seems little point in using scare resources in continuing to develop capacity in pigs and poultry. 4 Priorities within ARDOs The workshop participants ranked livestock outputs (species/products etc) within each ARDO. This ranking is the first step in identifying priority programs. More work to develop research strategies for high priority programs is required before the Livestock Medium-Term Research Plan can be completed. Table 1 lists priority programs within priority ARDOs. Livestock Research and Development Priorities 11 Table 1: Priority Programs within Priority ARDOs (First Draft) Priority ARDOs (In Order of Ranking on Return on Investment) Priority Programs (Ranking within ARDOs) ARDO Number 6 Veterinary Vaccines and Animal Remedies Serious diseases: Avian Influenza, FMD, PRRS etc Other contagious diseases: virus parasites, bacteria Vaccines and animal remedies for prevention and control of disease Bio-products (antiserum, diagnostic kits, bio-remediation) Epidemiology of major diseases Management of safe residue free and hygienic food 3 Pig Production Breed Improvement including exotic breeds) Nutrition Animal health and hygiene Waste treatment 4 Poultry Chicken: Local chicken: breeding, rearing, feeding, health Garden chicken: breeding, rearing, feeding, health Industrial chicken: breeding, rearing, feeding, health Duck: Rearing systems, health and feeding for meat Rearing systems, health and feeding for eggs Rearing systems, health and feeding for meat & eggs Swan: Rearing systems, health and feeding for French Swan Rearing systems, health and feeding for Local Swan 1 Large Animals Cattle: Breed improvement (AI) Dairy production systems Beef production systems Buffalo: Meat production and draught animals Horse: Draught and meat production 7 Animal Feed Processing and Conservation Processing and conservation of animal feed Supplement feeds, crops resides and feed additives Feed and forage production systems Feed requirements for cattle 5 Productive Insects Breeding and multiplication technology for high yield, high quality mulberry, silk worm and bees for local consumption and export Diseases of bee and mulberry and management techniques to ensure high quality safe products Technology for processing cocoon and silk to improve value Diversification/Exploitation of high quality bee products Role of bees in pollination for increase yield and quality of agricultural crops 2 Small Ruminants Goats: meat and milk- Rabbits: meat, skin, fibre Sheep: meat, fibre Deer: meat, antler/velvet Livestock Research and Development Priorities 12 5 Investment Portfolio One of the objectives of priority setting is to enable assessment and adjustment (if necessary) of the available resource for livestock research. The aim is to improve the efficiency of research resource allocation. The revision of research resource use based on program priorities should be undertaken at regular intervals (every 3-5 years). Priorities for capacity development and the provision of specialist facilities and equipment should also be linked to priority programs. One way of developing and investment portfolio is to make broad allocations of funding (for all research resources) based on priority ARDOs. These allocation decisions are the responsibility of research policy decision makers, but as an example the latest ARDO priority rank could be used to develop indicative future budget allocations. These could be compared with current budget allocation, and may be used to indicate shifts in budget allocations over time (3-5 years). Assuming that it is sensible to set aside 5% of the available budget as being non-allocated (to be used for specific research perhaps as directed by the Minister, or for support of new and innovative ideas that are not included in priority programs) an example of an indicative Livestock ARDO research portfolio for the 2008 – 2012 timeframe could be as shown in Table 2. Table 2: Future Livestock ARDO Research Portfolio (% total available budget) ARDO (Priority Rank) Future Indicative Budget (%) 2 ARDO 1: Large Animals 15 ARDO 2: Small Ruminant Animals 2 ARDO 3: Pig Production 20 ARDO 4: Poultry 19.5 ARDO 5: Productive Insects 2.5 ARDO 6: Veterinary Vaccines & Animal Remedies 21 ARDO 7: Animal Feed Processing & Conservation 15 Non-Allocated 5 Total 100 6 The Next Steps The identification of Priority Programs within Priority ARDOs should result in more programs within high priority ARDOs receiving budget support compared with for high priority programs within low priority ARDOs. The next steps are: 2 Indicative budget percentages based on the workshop assessment of Return on Investment. The final indicative budget is to be decided by MARD research policy makers. Livestock Research and Development Priorities 13 1. Establish small specialist working groups within each of the agreed priority programs 2. Define the Program Objective (the Outcome desired) for each priority program. 3. Ensure that the Program Objective leads to establishment of a multi-disciplinary approach to achievement of the desired Outcome through identification and prioritisation research strategies (disciplines, research themes). 4. Implement an open and contestable research contracting process that encourages innovation, collaboration within and between research service providers.