Tài liệu Báo cáo Nghiên cứu khoa học Economic Benefits: 1
Economic Benefits
Consider the following analysis of the four sectors.
Size
Contribution to Agricultural Output (Percentage at current prices)
Gross Output by Sector (1994 prices)
2
Value
Gross Output for Cultivation/Crops Sector (Billion VND 1994 prices)
Gross Output for Fisheries Sector (Billion VND 1994 prices)
Gross Output for Forestry Sector (Billion VND, 1994 prices)
3
Gross Output for the Livestock Sector (Billion VND 1994 prices)
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Big animals
Poultry
Non‐meat product
Exports& Imports
Export by Sector (Million USD)
4
5
Export & Import of Crop Products
Export of Crops/Cultivation Products (Mil USD
6
Tea Export
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Prel.
2009
Vo
lu
m
e
(0
00
to
ns
)
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
va
lu
e
(m
il.
$)
Volume (000 tons)
Value (mil.$)
Import of Crops/Cultivation Products (000 USD)
0
100000
...
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1
Economic Benefits
Consider the following analysis of the four sectors.
Size
Contribution to Agricultural Output (Percentage at current prices)
Gross Output by Sector (1994 prices)
2
Value
Gross Output for Cultivation/Crops Sector (Billion VND 1994 prices)
Gross Output for Fisheries Sector (Billion VND 1994 prices)
Gross Output for Forestry Sector (Billion VND, 1994 prices)
3
Gross Output for the Livestock Sector (Billion VND 1994 prices)
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Big animals
Poultry
Non‐meat product
Exports& Imports
Export by Sector (Million USD)
4
5
Export & Import of Crop Products
Export of Crops/Cultivation Products (Mil USD
6
Tea Export
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Prel.
2009
Vo
lu
m
e
(0
00
to
ns
)
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
va
lu
e
(m
il.
$)
Volume (000 tons)
Value (mil.$)
Import of Crops/Cultivation Products (000 USD)
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
rice
coffee
tea
pepper
pesticide
fruit&vegetables
rice
Pesticide
Fruit & Vegetables
7
Import and Export of Livestock Products
Import and Export of Livestock Products (Meat and Edible Offal $US 000)
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
200000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Import
Export
Import of milk/milk products (mil.USD)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1995 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 2009
8
Import and Export of Fisheries Products
Export of Fish products (mill $)
Import value of fish products ($ US)
0
50000000
10000000
15000000
20000000
25000000
30000000
35000000
2007 2008 2009
9
Import and Export of Forestry Products
Import and Export of Forestry Products (Wood, Wood Articles, Charcoal (US$‘000s)
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
2000000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Import
Export
Agriculture Inputs
Fertiliser
Fertilizer import value of Vietnam (000 USD)
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Fertilizer domestic production (000 tons)
10
1500
1700
1900
2100
2300
2500
2700
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Animal Feeds
Value of Inputs for Animal Feed and Feed Processing
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
1,800,000
th
ou
sa
nd
U
SD
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
(estimate)
Year
Domestic production of the main inputs for feed production and estimated demand for feed
input (1000 tonnes)
Material type 2005 2006
1. Broken rice, paddy and bran1 6084 6090
2. Maize 3401 3437
3. Cassava and potato 2421 2785
4. Soybean and soybean cake 114 127
5. Fish meal 35 112
6. Mineral and premix 68 138
Total domestic output for feed
production 12123 12975
Feed input demand 13630 15864
Estimated Deficit ‐1507 ‐2889
Source: Strategy for Livestock Development to 2020, Department of Livestock Production (2007)
Quantity of imported feed inputs to Vietnam in 2006 (‘000t)
Feed input 2006 2007 2008
1 Broken rice is 3% equivalent to rice; paddy for feed production is equal to 3% of its production and bran is
equal to 11%. The share for feed production of maize is 90%; cassava and potato 80% and soybean 33%.
11
Maize 564.5 612.8 467.8
Extracted rice bran 190.2 488.0 199.9
Wheat bran, flour 490.6 333.6 639.5
Vegetable oil, fish oil 26.4 54.2 ‐
Soybean cake 1591.8 1686.3 2161.8
Soybean 17.6 17.7 293.3
Maize gluten 35.0 54.0 23.5
Animal nutrition 10.7 18.7 166.4
Lactose ‐ 25.9 10.1
Fish meal 54.8 41.2 153.8
Animal by‐products 84.2 ‐ ‐
Premix vitamin 8.3 37.5 0.7
Amino acid (Lyz, Met, Thre) 21.9 19.3 51.9
Mineral, additive 74.7 98.8 16.1
Total 3170.7 3488 4184.8
Sources: Strategy for Livestock Development to 2020, Department of Livestock Production (2007,
2009)
Social & Environmental Benefits
Employment
The agriculture sector is the largest in terms of labour force.
Sector 2009
(persons.)
%
Agriculture and forestry 23022 48.5
Fishing 1766.5 3.7
Mining and quarrying 477.4 1.0
Manufacturing 6851.2 14.4
Electricity, gas and water supply 262.6 0.6
Construction 2692.8 5.7
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles, motor cycles and personal and
household goods
5275.7 11.1
Hotels and restaurants 816.4 1.7
Transport; storage and communications 1198.4 2.5
Financial intermediation 219.6 0.5
Scientific activities and technology 27.3 0.1
Real estate, rending and business activities 257.8 0.5
Public administration and defence; compulsory social security 1818 3.8
Education and training 1375 2.9
Health and social work 391.5 0.8
Recreational, cultural and sporting activities 133.7 0.3
Activities of Party and of membership organisations 198.1 0.4
Community, social and personal service activities and private household with employed
persons
959.6 2.0
Total 47443.6 100
What are the off‐farm employment opportunities for each of the four subsectors?
Think about employment in terms of:
• The household level – use of household labour
• The labour market – use of non‐ household labour for farm activities
• The service providers – provision of inputs, advice, traders, marketers
• The value adding sector – manufacturing, processing, packaging, exporting, quality
assurance
12
• The transport sector – freight, shipping etc.
Of the four sub‐sectors, what will the greatest opportunities for future employment be?
Environmental Benefits
Think about the positive and negative environmental impacts of each of the broad subsectors? For
some sub‐sectors (e.g. catfish and use of agriculture chemicals, pesticides etc) the environmental
and food safety issues are well known. For others such as forestry for catchment management and a
potential carbon sink and development of mangrove areas for coastal protection the environmental
benefits are intrinsic and difficult to estimate.
13
Adoption Rates and Profitability
To some extent the statistics tell a good story about adoption rates. For example the growth of the
aquaculture industry and the growth in crop (fruit and vegetables) diversification over the last 10 –
15 years are good examples.
Farmers/producers are often encouraged through subsidies to adopt new production opportunities
and new and improved technologies. However the sustainability of these practices is low and
farmers now seem to look at what their neighbours are doing and how much profit they seem to be
making before deciding to change products or technologies. The longer term statistics, especially
the gross output by agriculture sector provides an indication of the adoption trends, with cultivation
and forestry declining and livestock
and especially aquaculture
(fisheries), increasing. This broad
data masks some changes that are
occurring within each of the
subsectors and raises the issue of
the contribution of research. For
example the area of rice has fallen,
although the total yield has
increased. This is mainly due to the
increase in areas of irrigated land
enabling two and sometimes three
crops of rice to be grown annually.
Some of the increase is also due to
new varieties and better disease and pest management – products of research. There has also been
an increase in the areas of fruit and vegetables within the crops subsector. The fisheries subsector is
characterised by a rapid increase in land areas used for aquaculture with the contribution of
fisheries capture decreasing and the contribution of aquaculture showing remarkable growth.
Agriculture Development Strategy
MARD: Development Strategy for agriculture and rural development, 2011‐ 2020 (Enclosed with
the Letter No. 3310/BNN‐KH dated 12/10/2009 of MARD)Hanoi, 10/2009
1 Achievements
Agricultural, forestry and fisheries growth has been rapid
Since 2000, growth of agriculture production averaged 5.5% per year. Recently, although the
agricultural land has decreased by about 70,000 ha per year and over 100 thousand employees have
left agriculture and the social investment has reduced and natural disasters and diseases have
become more prevalent, the agriculture, forestry and fisheries sectors have maintained a GDP
growth of 3.8% per year.
The structure of agriculture and rural economy has moved positively and the production structure of
agriculture, forestry, fisheries has moved towards improving productivity, quality and efficiency
associated with market demand. The proportion of agriculture in total GDP declined from 24.5% in
2000 to 20.3% in 2007 and increased again to 22.1% in 2008. Within the industry there is the trend
to increase the proportion of aquatic products and reducing the proportion of crop output value. In
the period 2000 ‐ 2008, the proportion of aquatic products increased from 16% to 23% while crop
products decreased from 65% to 57%.
• Within the crop subsector, during 2000 ‐ 2008 rice area dropped more than 250,000 ha,
while the area of industrial crops, vegetables and fruit continue to expand.
66.30 60.26 57.14
13.50
14.58 15.40
4.31
3.53 3.23
15.89 21.63 24.23
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2000 2005 Prel. 2009
fishing
forestr
y
Gross output of Agriculture by sector (1994 price)
14
• In animal husbandry subsector, animal husbandry farms, family farms are replacing small
animal production models.
• In aquaculture, offshore fishing developed rapidly. To date, there are 130,963 vessels with a
total capacity of 5.4 million CV. In which the vessels with a capacity of 90 CV or more is
14,500 units, accounting for 11%. Fish capture operations tend to move slowly away from
shore, use of facilities, modern machinery to increase production efficiency. Aquaculture
area increased rapidly, and from 2000 to 2008 rose by 408,100 ha. Aquaculture continues to
multi‐species, multi‐type, multi‐modal user‐friendly environment. Aquaculture products,
fishing operations growing to meet consumer demand and domestic supply of raw materials
for export processing.
• In forestry, plantation production was boosted with the program of planting 5 million
hectares. Forest coverage rate reached 38.7% in 2008. Many places have conducted general
saw milling business, development and forest product processing. Furniture after processing
has become an important export commodity.
• Ensuring national food security: the average food per person increased from 445 kg in 2000
to 501 kg in 2008, Vietnam needs to ensure adequate domestic food and export of more
than 4 million tons of rice per year. Compared with other countries in the region, prices of
agricultural products, especially food prices in Vietnam remain at relatively low levels.
• Exports grew rapidly: some items have a strong position in the international marketplace.
Export of agricultural and forest products continue to expand: e.g. rice, rubber, coffee,
pepper, cashew nuts, wood products, aquatic products.
• Value of exports of agricultural, forestry and fisheries for the period 2000 ‐ 2007 reached
51.9 billion dollars, an average of $ 6.5 billion per year, average growth rate of 14.9% per
year.Export turnover in 2007 reached 11.2 billion dollars, 2.7 times that of 2000 Major
increases include: rubber 8.3 times; coffee 3.8 times; rice 2.2 times; tea 1.6 times; nuts 3.9
times; pepper 2.0 times;and wood products 5.9 times. In 2008, seafood export turnover
reached 4.5 billion dollars, accounting for 25% of the total export volume of agricultural,
forestry and fisheries. 5 items had export values of over $ 1 billion (seafood, coffee, rice,
rubber and wood). Agriculture, forestry and fishery sector is the only sector in the economy
with consecutive surpluses, higher than in previous years.
• Export turnover in 2008 reached about $ 16 billion more than 3.8 times in 2000, in which the
average growth of exports from 2000 to 2008 are: rice 13.6%, coffee 19, 4%, rubber 32.5%
of 27.8%, 19.1% of seafood.
• The material life and spiritual life of rural people improved markedly. Per capita income of
rural households increased from 2.7 million per person in 1999 to around 7.8 million per
person in 2007 calculated at current prices. From 2001 to 2006, cumulative saving of rural
households increased 2.1 times, an average of 3.2 million per household to 6.7 million VND
per household
Causes of Achievements
Applying S&T
New science and technology is widely used in agriculture.
• Breeding/variety programs have had great effect contributing in significantly increase
productivity and quality of agriculture in past years. To date, over 90% of rice area, 80% of
corn, and 60% of sugar cane, cotton, fruit trees, used new varieties. Approximately 90% of
plant varieties and animal breeds are created leads to 35% of new variety applied in
15
agriculture production. The advanced cultivation process, the "3 down, 3 up” program,
sustainable farming, IPM ICM, GAP production process have been applied.
• In the animal subsector, use of new breeds leads to improved yield, quality of meat, eggs
and milk.Weight per hog marketed increased by 30 kg per head.
• In the fisheries subsector, a number of aquatic species of high economic value have been put
into production. Many aquatic product processing units reached the level of modern
technology compared to some countries in the region.
• Forestry provides 60% of new varieties for the economy plantation. Rate of planted forests
from under 50% increase to 80%, many forests where productivity has reached 15 ‐
20m3/ha/year.
• Percentage increase in mechanized harvesters, irrigation, transportation, work the land
application rate of mechanical machinery and electrical equipment in animal husbandry,
aquaculture, construction of irrigation increased
2 PROBLEMS STILL EXIST
Development of Agriculture has low sustainability and faces competition
• GDP growth of agriculture over time tends to decrease. From 1995 ‐ 2000, growth rate of
agricultural GDP was 4%, but from 2000 to 2007 it dropped to 3.7%. In 2008, in the context
of world agricultural prices soared, agricultural GDP had recovered to 4.1% growth.
• Crop production still occupies a high proportion (50%), including food crops, especially rice.
Recently, animal husbandry and aquaculture has developed rapidly, but is also unsustainable
as in 2008, the proportion of crop cultivation increased again and the proportion of animal
husbandry and fisheries declined.
• Quality of some animal is low and industry model of raising animals has not really grown, the
ability to control disease is a big problem.
• Aquaculture areas are also unstable. As prices increase, farmers practice deforestation,
reduce rice to switch to aquaculture and vice versa when prices are stagnant and when
markets are oversupplied and some farmers levelled the aquaculture ponds to go back
growing other crops.
• Large farming areas with high intensive farming cause environmental pollution.
• The contribution of forestry in economic growth lower than its potential. Forestry is now
showing a positive role to ensure ecological balance, management of catchments and play a
economic role but it has not been fully exploited. Income from forestry just contributes a
tiny fraction of the total GDP and in the structure of rural household income.Although there
is marked progress, deforestation, forest fires and exploitation of wild animals still occurs.
Wood exports(furniture) have grownrapidly but most of the raw materials are still imported.
Causes of problems
Investment in agriculture and rural development is low
• From 1997 ‐ 2006, the proportion of public expenditure for agriculture accounts for only 5‐
6% of the total state budget, it is much lower than the average of 20% of countries in the
region (Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines). In 2007, investment in agriculture accounts for
15% of the total investment budget, equivalent to 7% of the total value of agricultural
production. While agriculture contributes 20% of GDP, total investment in agriculture
accounts for only 7.5% of GDP. Investment budget for Vietnam's agriculture is equivalent to
16
1.4% of GDP that is lower than average level of China, India and Thailand (8‐16%) and other
Southeast Asian countries (about 8 ‐ 9%) in the period 1990 to 1993
3. STRATEGIES PERIOD 2011 ‐ 2020
Objectives to 2020: Maintain agricultural growth in average 3.5‐4% per year.
Orientation for agricultural development strategy
• Maintain the growth of crop production around 2.5 ‐ 3% per year, of which the in the period
of 2011 to 2015 it is about 2.7% per year and the period from 2016 to 2020 it is about 2.6%
per year with solutions of increase productivity, increase quality, reduce costs, restructure to
suit with the change in consumer demand (reduced rate of food consumption, increase
vegetables and fruit, increased consumption of agricultural products from industrial crops,
increasing growing crops/plants for animal feed/biofuel/materials for industry and
handicrafts, medicine etc.); maintain proper scale of food production, ensuring food security
for future population. Focus in development of tropical crops that Vietnam has the
advantage and demand of future world market (rice, coffee, rubber, cashew, tea, vegetables
and tropical fruits); reducing the area of crops that have less advantageous, accept the
import products with reasonable size for processing and domestic consumption (cotton,
tobacco, tropical fruits and vegetables, soy).
• Development of livestock based on the advantages of each ecological region to meet
demand of domestic market focus toward industrial production, ensure food safety, disease
prevention and environmental protection. Promote growth of livestock sector of about 6‐7%
in the period 2011 to 2015 and about 5‐6% in the period 2016 to 2020 to meet domestic
demand to increase income levels (increase red meat, poultry meat, eggs, milk, specialty
products) production development towards intensive industrial scale, increasing production
efficiency, reduce costs of animal feed, prevent disease for cattle, poultry; safety and animal
quarantine. Focus on developing the commodities that has the advantage in each locality.
Clearly define the optimal scale of self‐sufficiency and import the proper level of products
that foreign countries have an advantage over (milk, beef, and chicken, tropical livestock
products) to focus investment and processing industry development.
• Creating breakthrough development, increasing the proportion of the fisheries sector. Focus
on developing aquaculture, especially brackish water aquaculture and then fresh water,
expanding marine aquaculture in the direction of intensive investment to increase
productivity and efficiency, ensure safety and maintain the balance of ecological
environment. Shift to the off‐shore sea fishing towards sustainable fisheries, combined
economy ‐ national defence. Value of fishery production increased by about 10.5% per year
between 2011 and 2015, and 11‐12% in the period 2016 to 2020. Promote marine
aquaculture through using the marine species of high commercial value (fish, lobster, and
abalone), development of freshwater aquaculture with tilapia, prawn; brackish water
aquaculture is mainly black tiger shrimp and white shrimp. Development of offshore fishing,
ocean, building a modern fleet to meet international standards, combining fishing with
tourism, national defence, social and economic development in coastal areas and islands,
protect natural resource and ecological environment balance. Reorganization of the
processing plants system with technological level equivalent to developed countries,
towards ensuring safety and hygiene, diversifying products and increasing added value,
associated with raw‐material producing areas.
• Stability of structure of production forest, protection forest and forest for special use.
Management, sustainable use of natural forest area, replacing the ineffective area planted
with high yield plantation, create concentrated material area that not only at large scale but
also meet sustainability criteria, providing important wood materials for processing industry
17
and the needs of the handicraft industry, bringing forestry industries become a high
economic effective sector. Improve growth rate and expand proportion of the forestry
sector in the whole sector, striving to 2020 growth rate of forestry production value of about
3.5 ‐ 4%, GDP so that forestry reaches 2‐3% of total GDP, step by step to generate income
from forests to forest growers and protectors. Focus on development of non‐wood products.
Development of scattered trees planting to serve the diverse needs. Investment and
development of protection forest at watershed, environmental sensitivity in the
mountainous of the north, central, coastal areas. To consolidate and develop the system of
special use forests, conservation of biodiversity, ecosystem development to meet the goal of
environmental protection and perform coordinated tasks such as tourism, research.
a. Crop production
• Development of rice production in Vietnam to ensure it becomes a key product for
exports and ensure food security
• Based on calculation of balance between the needs of the country and the future
demand forecasts of the world to ensure absolute national food security in all
circumstances; ensure the producers and business and grain exporters get profits;
ensure that rice production in 2020 reached to more than 41 million tons of rice
cultivated on area of 3.7 million ha.
• Cuu Long River Delta region is the most advantageous production of rice needed to
prioritize investment in order to become a commercial large rice production area. Form
a system of rice production farms, creating a rice production special area to provide
materials for major processing centres in Long Xuyen Quadrangle, Dong Thap Muoi, Ca
Mau Peninsula. In the regions having high capacity of adapt, in addition to the minimum
area required to maintain food security, it should be a priority to become a special
production area for export. Rice exports should be from 3.5 to 4.5 million tons per year.
Rice varieties and farming methods have to meet the needs of domestic and key export
markets. Develop the Mekong Delta Rice Research Institute become Vietnam Rice
Institute.
• Development of commercial crops which have strong competitiveness and efficiency for
domestic market and export. Focus on building development programs of key
commodities of Vietnam with national brands for the crops which currently have a
comparative advantage and available markets (coffee, cashew nuts, seeds pepper,
rubber, vegetables, tea) and the commodities have potential advantages (fruit trees,
medicinal plants). There needs to have a financial mechanism to establish the fund to
implement development programs of key commodities of Vietnam to the objects
belonging to different economic sectors to participate in the program
• Maintain productivity (1.1 million tons of coffee, rubber 1.5 million tons, 120 thousand
tonnes of pepper, 600 thousand tons of cashew nut, 1 million tons of fresh tea, 12
million tons of fruit). Establish some special production areas (production farms and
enterprisers) at large scale. Building and strengthening development investment for S&T
institutes/centres for key commodities (coffee, cashew nuts, rubber, pepper). Form a
system of agricultural products trading platform to connect directly to the special
production areas for exports of Vietnam with commercial activities in major
international markets.
• For fruit trees, vegetables, flowers, conducting research to acquire science and
technology to form variety groups and practical system to create breakthroughs in
expand production of specialty fruit and a number of international good varieties,
18
improve vegetable production to 15 million tons in 2015 and 18 million tons in 2020 and
output gains in 2015 and 12 million tons in 2020.
• Application of production processes to ensure safety, application of standards for
monitoring of production origin. Organize processing, establish effective marketing
system to promote market of fruit, vegetables, flowers in both domestic markets and
export service, try to get vegetable export volume from 200 to 300 thousand tons / year
in the period 2010 ‐ 2015 and 350‐400 thousand tons per year in the period 2016 to
2020, exports of all kinds from 400 to 500 thousand tons / year in the period 2010 to
2015 and from 600 to 800 thousand tons / year period from 2016 to 2020. Based on the
made planning to re‐balance the area, shift the inefficiency rice producing areas in the
Red River Delta, Central Highlands, Southeast, Mekong River Delta to grow high‐value
crops such as fruits and vegetables, ornamental plants, medicinal plants. Form a system
of wholesale markets, auctions as well as effective marketing channels to link production
with market
• Rational development of crops having low or medium comparative advantage, import
substitution. Sugar cane production reached 25 million tons, peanuts 1 million tons,
maintaining the maximum output of over 6.5 million tons of corn seed in 2015 and 7.2
million tons in 2020, 740 thousand tons of soybeans in 2015 and nearly 1.1 million tons
in 2020. With cotton and tobacco can grow in areas with the most favourable conditions
at reasonable size. The development of alternative crops (instead of import) have to be
based on analysis of levels of biological adaptation, identify places with the most
favourable conditions for growing these crops to ensure they can compete with
international market in order to have self‐sufficient raw materials for processing
industry. Beyond the self‐balancing, resolute application of market mechanisms in the
context of international economic integration to import materials for production of
animal feeds at the lowest price, or actively invest in agricultural production in foreign
countries for the Vietnam commodities that have no advantage.
• For the crops applied GMO technology, it needs to be tested and change production
partners in appropriate places, first applied to crops that not directly used for food such
as fibre, and industrial oil crops, plants used for animal feed that has applied worldwide.
For the future new plant that market needs, such as plants for biofuels (biodiesel),
plants /trees for construction materials, paper, wood and forest products and
pharmaceutical plants ... it needs to conduct test and pilot production. Produce some
crops to replace import such as corn, soybeans, cotton, tobacco, cooking oil.
b. Livestock
• To meet increasing domestic demand, develop quality pig and poultry, good quality, to
achieve the national pig herd of about 33 million in 2015 and 35 million in 2020 with
meat production of 3.9 million tons in 2015 and nearly 5 million tons in 2020; chickens
more than 252 million in 2015 and 306 million in 2020 with 0.8 million tons chicken and
9,1 billion eggs in 2015, more than 1.1 million tons meat and nearly 14 billion eggs in
2020, buffalo is nearly 3 million and cows of nearly 13 million in 2020, of which about
half a million are dairy cows. Striving to 2020 meat production could meet domestic
demand.
• In the Red River Delta and South East, boost raising pig and chicken in the form of
industrial concentration farms; in the Mekong Delta, promote duck raising and shift to
extensive concentration farming. Development of livestock grazing (buffalo, beef cattle,
dairy cattle in Central Highlands and mountainous; mountain goats in northern and
central regions, sheep in the central region) of high quality and meet partly domestic
demand. Based on calculation of balance between self‐sufficiency ability and efficiency
19
of import, in the areas having grazing pasture or development pasture the intensive and
semi‐intensive should be applied in order to form specialized areas of livestock grazing
with large‐scale farms.
• Separate the livestock concentrated areas from people living areas, link material areas
with processing units with hygienic slaughtering and processing poultry system.
Development of methods to encourage the industrial slaughter and processing.Building
capacity, forming system of veterinary services, disease control, especially at grassroots
level. Concentrating forces to ensure quarantine work at important border gates and
gateway markets to ensure biosecurity and food safety. Construction of safety zones.
• Create major changes in the processing industry of animal feed. Development of feed
processing towards large‐scale, high quality, low cost, raise the rate of using industrial
animal feed to more than 67% (about 16.3 million tons) in 2015 and over 70% (about
19.2 million tons) in 2020.
• Based on research, technology application, to develop legal system in accordance with
international regulations, to testing, replicating the models to select and apply to
domestication at large scale for some wild animals which have market demands and
have ability of artificial breeding (firstly with species has market and allowed for
production as deer, alligators, pythons, snakes , turtle).
c. Fisheries
Aquaculture
• Promote aquaculture to make structural change on the basis of attracting all economic
sectors to invest, formation of the farm model, collective production, and enterprise and
link/joint businesses ventures with foreign countries associated with the model of
community‐based management. Formation of commodity associations to connect, share
interests, risk sharing between producers and processing and business enterprises.
• Upto 2020, focus investment in depth, going up from the improved extensive modalities
and expansion of size of semi‐intensive, intensive, remain stable aquaculture area at 1.1
to 1.2 million ha. In which, freshwater aquaculture 550,000 thousand ha including about
12,000 hectares of intensive production (3‐5% area) with key species such as catfish,
tilapia, crayfish, for brackish water aquaculture: 600‐650 thousand hectares, of which
60,000 ha of marine farming using intensive culture methods with two key species
ofblack tiger shrimp and white shrimp (10‐12%). Promote the development of
aquaculture at sea and islands at 60‐70 thousand ha (key species with high commercial
value such as marine fish, lobster, and abalone). Development of key species such as
catfish, shrimp, white shrimp, molluscs for export. Conservation and development of
indigenous aquatic species with high economic value. Promote aquaculture at sea and
islands associated with ecological environment protection, and coordinate production
with tourism, linking economic activity and national security
• Establish intensive aquaculture area, uniform investment the irrigation systems and
infrastructure for aquaculture, application of hygiene and food safety standards,
environmental protection, and meet international requirements about origin of seafood
exports. Mounting material area with industrial seafood processing areas, recovery and
conservation of fishery processing villages coupled with environmental protection and
food safety and hygiene. Construction of fishing port, the port exported seafood directly
from the fishing areas and farming areas
• Diverse participation of all economic sectors in seafood trade promotion
activities.Develop a system of distribution channels of fish products in country and
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overseas; diversify seafood products and expand domestic markets and export.
Formation of fishery product trade platform at the concentration and large scale of
aquaculture. Conducting market research, information and forecasts to balance
production with consumption and meet increasingly diverse needs of the market
• Widespread application of artificial reproductive technology, invasive high‐yield varieties
suitable ecological conditions and market. Building systems of veterinary, quarantine
and epidemic monitoring, active ensure in disease‐free seed, strict control of quality
seed, feed, environment associated with aquaculture facilities, modernization of
processing facilities and infrastructure systems for marketing to ensure food safety.
Attract domestic and foreign investment to develop seafood processing industry and
modern trade promotion equivalent of the technological level of developed countries
and become one of the key export commodities, bringing seafood export turnover to
about $ 7 billion in 2015 and nearly $ 8.6 billion in 2020. By 2020 will create jobs for
around 5 million workers.
Exploitation and protection of fisheries resources
• Compared with the current , structure of fishing will be reduced by approximately 10%
of coastal trash fish; squid and shrimp increased 80‐10%, other seafood increased from
10‐12% of marine exploitation. In 2010 and 2015, stable fishing output at 2.2 million
tons, of which 2 million tons of sea fishing and inland capture 200,000 tons. By 2020,
international cooperation, expanding ocean exploitation to obtain 2.4 to 2.5 million
tons. Focus on building fishery logistics facilities include fishing ports, fish landing areas,
shelters for fishing, vessels repairing establishments, manufacturing fishing nets for
fishing, construction of seafood processing factory and export services directly linked
with economic development and national defence on the island, gradually develop
fishery urban centres on coastal and islands.
• Construct and operate the system of inland marine protection and conservation zone
combined with management models of participatory of the community. Building strong
fishery protection force to protect fishery resources and fishermen and national
security. Completely eliminate the use of explosives, poisons, electrical impulses and
others for fishing. Tight management of fisheries resources to minimize and control
fishing in coastal, inland to ensure the sustainable and renewable resources, associated
with tourism activities. Planning and management of some areas where prohibit the
exploration and limited exploitation and marine protected areas, fisheries conservation
in inland, reducing the number of boats exploiting coastal. Towards recovery and
renewable aquatic resources. Stable exploiting at 200,000 tons.
d. Forestry
Development of 3 types of forest according to proper planning.
• Arrange, fix the system includes three types of forest: 8.4 million ha of production
forest, 5.68 million ha of protection forest and 2.16 hectares of special use forest.
Development of comprehensive forest from management, protection, planting,
improvement, enrichment to exploitation and processing of forest products and
environmental protection for eco‐tourism. Should have mechanisms and appropriate
policies to encourage the organizations and individuals of all economic sectors to
participate in protecting and developing forests
• Allow exploitation forest for economic purpose from production forests that are natural
forests under sustainable principles and take income from forest to protect,
development and make enrich from forest. Encourage and support organizations and
individuals in intensive afforestation, modernization of exploitation technology and
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processing to enhance the value of forest products and focus on developing non‐timber
forest products. Establish production areas for wood in North West (paper, artificial
board), Northeast (paper, wood, pit props, and furniture), North Central (crushed paper,
resin, bamboo, and rattan), South Central (artificial board, wood pulp), Southeast (paper
material), Cuu Long River Delta (pulp, artificial boards, furniture).
• Government focus investment on development of protection forests in the
environmental sensitive watershed in Northeast, Northwest, North Central, South
Central; coastal protection forests in the coastal of northern delta North Central,
Southeast, Mekong River Delta in order to maintain ecological balance, protect land,
water and climate, limiting the negative impacts of climate change climate, natural
disaster.
• To consolidate and develop the forest system of special use towards the
originalconservation and create the best conditions for the development of specific
ecosystems,genetic conserve and preserve biodiversity value.
Innovation methods of management, protection, development and use of forests
• Good and stable planning for 16.24 million hectares of forests and forest land. Mounting
investment costs with economic efficiency and environmental values; association and
benefit‐sharing between forest owners and the community. Develop awareness of forest
protection to protect the ecosystem, taking development to protect forest. Coordinating
protection activities between forest owners, communities, local government, and state
management agencies. Hand over land and forest land to the objects of different
economic sectors as approved plans. Priority support the business model of the
household, farm, community and cooperation economy, developing joint ventures,
restructuring forest companies and accelerate the equitization of state forestry
enterprises.
• Combining forest protection, forest exploitation to development of crop and animal
production and non‐timber forest products, conservation of biodiversity. Combining
conservation, protection and exploitation for tourism development, environmental
services and agricultural and fisheries production. Combine the improvement and
enrichment of natural forests with sustainable exploitation to protect forest resources
and get income generation for organizations and individuals engaged. Apply S&T to
monitor and manage forest resources and forest land, improvement of tree and
silvicultural measures. Development of forest is important to providing jobs and income
for the majority of rural people, especially in mountainous and ethnic minority
• Construction of the processing industry and forest product trade, traditional villages
linked with the material zones, to meet export demand and domestic consumption,
striving to 2020 forest product exports reached $ 7.8 billion. Attracting all economic
sectors to invest in strong sectors such as indoor furniture, outdoor furniture, wooden
handicrafts and bamboo products and planting forest for materials. Promote processing
of artificial board, pulp, paper reduction processing chips for export. On the basis of
determining the percentage of wood imported for effective processing industry,
planning areas of domestic material in balance with the supply of imported raw
materials stability.
• Create a breakthrough in policy to encourage all economic sectors to participate in
protecting and improving the quality of special use forests, protection forests. Quickly
remove the bad forest land management, review of documents assigned about hand
over land and forests, carry out the liquidation, compensation for land acquisition, form
public land source for hire, production of forest at large commercial scale.
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Development of processing industry
• Application of special preferential policies (land rent assistance, support workforce
training, incentive loans, supporting research and technology applications, simplify
procedures, reduce the corporate tax exemption at highest level.) to attract investment
from all economic sectors of the country and foreign to develop processing industry.
Especially encouraging refined industries, deep processing, application of modern
technology, making the high‐value products, open a new market development. Forming
some development projects to concentrate investment in building infrastructure,
providing services for S&T research and vocational training for some of the processing
industries in the key areas of agricultural production in the Mekong Delta, Red River
Delta, Southeast, and Central Highlands. Significantly increase the contribution
proportion of agro‐processing industry in the industry sector to create jobs and income
for rural residents, enhance the value of agricultural products.
First, the development of processing industries that Vietnam has the advantage of
production, available materials and attract many workers (wood processing, cashew
nuts, seafood, crafts and fine art) associated with material production, planning of
specific production areas. Research on ability of investment for high value processing
industries that Vietnam has the potential to develop and available market (fruit and
vegetables, livestock products, fisheries, pharmaceuticals, beverages).
4. S SOLUTIONS FOR IMPLEMETING STRATEGY
Solution of science and technology
• Implementation of innovative measures of policy and organizational mechanisms to
reform technology management mechanism in direction from research project
management to S&T output based contract. Increasing the proportion of investment
budget for research and technology transfer in agriculture at the rate equivalent to the
average level of advanced countries in the region. Create groundbreaking change in
research and S&T application; increase the contribution percentage of S&T and
management of agriculture sector to over 50%.
• Merge the existing research institutes and agricultural universities in Hanoi and HCM
cities into two research and education centers in order to effective exploit facilities and
staff resource.
• On the major areas of agricultural production in each ecological region the S&T clusters
linked between regional universities and research institutes will also to be built in order
to establish high tech zones and vocational training centers as well for each region. At
mentioned S&T clusters, the land to be maintained and there are policies to attract all
economic sectors to participate in the construction of non‐public research and
education organizations. Based on the above comprehensive planning, perfect
investment of facilities and equipment for S&T research and application to be done.
• The state S&T organizations will change the mechanism to build S&T market toward to
direction of considering farmers as key customers. Strictly follow solutions stated in 115
Regulation in order to create the position of autonomy and self‐responsibility for S&T
organizations. Resolute rearrangement (dissolution, sale, lease or shifting to S&T
enterprise) for the publicS&T organizations do not contribute to production.
• Development of adequate policy to promote better motivate capacity of S&T staff
(formation of intellectual property rights associated with creative results, pay salary to
staff based on their operational output and capability), encouraging all economic sectors
to participate in investment for research and S&T transfer; attract young people, young
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intellectuals to the countryside, especially in agriculture, health, education, culture
fields.
• Close link between research, training and extension; support farmers, businesses
(reduce tax, preferential loans, support technology transfer, support training for new
S&T users) in order to encourage acceptance and application of S&T in production and
business. Combine research with training, mobilization of universities engaged in
research and S&T transfer. Strengthening the capacity of extension system (agriculture,
forestry, fishery, animal health, plant protection) and other services in rural areas;
mount the effectiveness of service delivery with material and spirit benefits of
researchers, selection and training of S&T staff based on standards of advanced
countries in the region, move staff who has low capacity in research to other jobs
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- Báo cáo nghiên cứu khoa học Economic Benefits.pdf