Báo cáo Nghiên cứu khoa học Diagnosis and control of diarrhoea in suckling pigs: Farm data and farm management systems developed and implemented

1 Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development CARD Project Progress Report 001/04VIE Diagnosis and control of diarrhoea in suckling pigs MS4 Report Farm data and farm management systems developed and implemented 2 Table of Contents 1.  INSTITUTE INFORMATION ...........................................................................................................................3  2.  PROJECT ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................................4  3.  EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................................................................................4  4.  INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................4  5.  PROGRESS TO DATE.......................................................................................................................................5  5.1  FARM MANAGEMENT REPORTING FORMATS ............................................................................................. 5  5.2 FARM DATA FROM 10 FARMS (TESTS AND CONTROLS) COLLECTED, ANALYSED AND REPORTED................... 5  5.3 REMAINING LOGFRAME OBJECTIVES............................................................................................................... 6  9.  CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................................................................6  APPENDIX 1 .................................................................................................................................................................7  3 1. Institute Information Project Name Diagnosis and control of diarrhoea in suckling pigs Vietnamese Institution National Institute of Veterinary Research (NIVR) Vietnamese Project Team Leader Dr. Truong Van Dung Australian Organisation The University of Queensland/Victorian Department of Primary Industry Australian Personnel Dr Darren Trott, Dr Ian Wilkie, Dr Tony Fahy Date commenced April 13th 2005 Completion date (original) January 2007 Completion date (revised) April 2007 Reporting period MS 4 Data Contact Officer(s) In Australia: Team Leader Name: Dr Darren Trott Telephone: 617 336 52985 Position: Associate Professor of Veterinary Science Fax: 617 336 51355 Organisation School of Veterinary Science The University of Qld Email: d.trott@uq.edu.au In Australia: Administrative contact Name: Melissa Anderson Telephone: 61 7 33652651 Position: Manager Research Projects Office Fax: 61 7 33651188 Organisation School of Land and Food The University of Qld Email: m.montecino@uq.edu.au In Vietnam Name: Dr Cu Huu Phu Telephone: 84 4 8693923 Position: Head of Bacteriology Department Fax: 84 4 8694082 Organisation NIVR Email: cuhuuphu@netnam.org.vn 4 2. Project Abstract This project is designed to improve productivity of smallholder pig farmers in Vietnam through improved health management, particularly of piglets during the pre-weaning period. Additional to the health management plan the project will develop and implement appropriate rapid diagnostic tests for the principal causes of preweaning diarrhoea to improve speed and accuracy of laboratory diagnosis. The third part of the project seeks to improve the production and efficacy of locally-manufactured E. coli vaccines. During the second six months of the project, we are still in a data gathering phase. Test farms were revisited and further recommendations made. An unexpected solution to problems in producing diagnostic antisera for the unusual fimbrial type that appears to be unique to Vietnam has emerged. Project findings will be presented at the 2006 International Pig Veterinary Society Congress. 3. Executive Summary This report documents progress on the following deliverables (linked to the project logframe objectives and milestone descriptions): o Farm management reporting formats prepared o Farm data from 10 farms (test and controls) collected, analysed and reported; o Extension material training prepared and training modules delivered to key extension workers by NVIR staff o Competent extension staff certification records o Analysis of financial returns at the smallholder and commercial farmer level 4. Introduction & Background Diarrhoea during the suckling period has been recognised as the principle health problem affecting both smallholder and commercial pig production in Vietnam. Previous research has confirmed the presence of a new fimbrial type in E. coli strains causing colibacillosis in Vietnam that would not be controlled by existing vaccines. Existing vaccines are currently imported into Vietnam at considerable cost. In addition, there are many other causes of suckling diarrhoea, the significance of which is currently unknown in Vietnam, which are all affected by husbandry and management during farrowing and lactation. Project 001/04VIE (Diagnosis and control of diarrhoea in suckling pigs) began with three objectives to solve this problem: 1. Production and testing of locally-produced E. coli vaccines 2. Development of a management plan for preweaning diarrhoea using a continuous improvement (CIP) model 3. Improved field and laboratory diagnosis of preweaning diarrhoea 5 5. Progress to Date 5.1 Farm management reporting formats A copy of the simple sow card format used to measure production parameters and farm performance are provided in Appendix 1. 5.2 Farm data from 10 farms (tests and controls) collected, analysed and reported. HAAMS data from the 5 test and 5 control farms is provided as separate Excel files (Attached with this report). The results were reported in MS3 and 6 reports as follows: An analysis of preweaning mortality reported over a 14-month observation period established that the test farms, which were subject to a number of recommendations during the life of the project, had a significantly lower average pre-weaning mortality compared to the control farms (8.6% ± 3.6 vs 15.6% ± 4.3; p<0.05). One of the control farms was removed from the trial due to an outbreak of hog cholera. For the majority of test farms, consistently lower pre- weaning mortalities were sustained over the trial period, however for Dong May farm in Thai Binh, pre-mortalities of close to 20% were reduced to 10% towards the end of the observation period. It is difficult to determine whether this reduction in preweaning mortality was associated with uptake of any of the previous visit’s recommendations as the same problems were still observed on the second visit! A bigger improvement may have been confounded by the small sample size, but problems in the adoption of the Continuous Improvement Model may also have had an impact (ie the benefits of using the vaccine were not being realised due to the many endemic disease and production problems that were beyond the scope of this initial project to improve). The major problem encountered from the farm visits was inadequate uptake of skills, knowledge and recommendations by piggery managers most probably caused by breakdown in communications between Vietnamese scientists and piggery workers in the intervening periods between site visits by Australian scientists. The National Institute for Veterinary Research scientists are, for the most part, laboratory based researchers and we identified a training requirement in veterinary extension. We therefore adopted a top down Train the Trainers approach in CARD004/05VIE which, for the large part, has been successful in creating a subset of successful smallholder farmers in Central Vietnam. 6 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 45.00 50.00 A pr -0 5 M ay -0 5 Ju n- 05 Ju l-0 5 A ug -0 5 S ep -0 5 O ct -0 5 N ov -0 5 D ec -0 5 Ja n- 06 Fe b- 06 M ar -0 6 A pr -0 6 M ay -0 6 Ju n- 06 Month % P re W ea ni ng M or ta lit y Anh De Thai Binh C Anh Thiet Hung Yen C Trang Due Hai Phong C Minh Duong Ha Tay C Dinh Dung Binh Dinh C Dong My Thai Binh T Anh Hiep Hung Yen T Anh Tinh Hai Phong T Thanh Bich Ha Tay T Nhon Hoa Binh Dinh T Figure 1: Average preweaning mortalities observed in five test (T) and five control (C) piggeries during the 14-month observation period. 5.3 Remaining logframe deliverables. o Extension material training prepared and training modules delivered to key extension workers by NVIR staff o Competent extension staff certification records o Analysis of financial returns at the smallholder and commercial farmer level Unfortunately these three objectives were far beyond the capacity of this initial project focused on preweaning mortality, but were taken up with enthusiasm in the CARD 004/05VIE project which was extremely successful. Two NIVR staff (both veterinarians) were trained in Australia and Vietnam and now can conduct extensive farm audits in addition to teaching extension staff vital skills such as how to conduct a post-mortem and what pathological changes to expect for major endemic and epidemic diseases. Poor success in compliance by piggery workers to adhere to a continuous improvement model as recommended by Australian scientists at the large test farms (vs the controls) was turned around in the 004/05VIE project focused on smallholder farmers by the formation of farmer clubs. 9. Conclusion Over 1 year’s worth of production data was obtained for test and control farms to determine whether advice provided to reduce preweaning diarrhoea in addition to general farm improvements significantly improved preweaning mortaility. Whilst the results were significantly different between test and control farms, clearly the results would not sustainable without a more holistic approach. 7 Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development APPENDIX 1 Collaboration for Agriculture and Rural Development (CARD) Program Diagnosis and control of diarrhoea in suckling pigs Sow recording cards Dr Tony Fahy Ms Karen Moore 8 FARM Identification………………………. Sow/farrowing details Sow ID Date farrowed Date weaned Parity Nos born alive Nos weaned Nos born dead Fostered in Foetus/mummy Fostered out Litter mortality details Date Nos dead Death code Code for piglet death Overlay 1 Scours 2 Splay legs 3 Runts 4 Pale/Bleeder 5 Unthrifty 6 Arthritis/Meningitis 7 Savaged 8 Cold/exposed 9 Accident 10 Deformed 11 Hernia 12 Unknown 13 Treatment records Piglet/litter treatment Sow treatment Treatment code Date Nos treated Treatment code Date Treatment code Antibiotic oral O Antibiotic injection A Iron I Fluid oral F Fluid drinker D Oxytocin X Stresnil S Manual delivery M Other V