Bài giảng Organisational behaviour - Chapter 8 Team dynamics

Team dynamicsChapter learning objectivesDefine teams.Distinguish departmental teams from team-based organisations.Explain why virtual teams are becoming more common.Outline the model of team effectiveness.Identify six organisational and team environmental elements that influence team effectiveness.Explain the influence of the team’s task, composition and size on team effectiveness.Describe the five stages of team development.Identify four factors that shape team norms.List six factors that influence team cohesiveness.Discuss the limitations of teams.Explain how companies minimise social loafing.Summarise the four types of team building.2 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneAustralia’s submarine teamsCrews onboard Australia’s new Collins-class submarines have interesting team dynamics due to their unusual work environment, challenging tasks and difficult entry to this elite team. Courtesy of the Royal Australian Navy3 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneWhat are teams?Groups of two or more people who interact and influence each other are mutually accountable for achieving common objectives and perceive themselves as a social entity within an organisationCourtesy of the Royal Australian Navy4 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneGroups versus teamsAll teams are groupsSome groups are just people assembled togetherTeams have task interdependence whereas some groups do not (eg group of employees enjoying lunch together)Courtesy of the Royal Australian Navy5 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneTypes of teamsPermanent teams team-based departmentsteam-based organisationquality circlesTemporary teamstask forcestemporary teams that investigate a problemskunkworksformed spontaneously, using borrowed resources, to develop products or solve problems6 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneVirtual teamsCross-functional teams that operate across space, time and organisational boundaries using information technologyIncreasingly possible because oftechnologyknowledge-based workIncreasingly necessary because ofglobalisationknowledge managementneed for team work7 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneWhy informal groups existRelatedness needsfulfil need for social interactionsocial identityGoal accomplishmentEmotional support8 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneTeam effectiveness modelTask characteristicsTeam sizeTeam compositionTeam design Achieve organisational goals Satisfy member needs Maintain team survivalTeameffectivenessTeam developmentTeam normsTeam rolesTeam cohesivenessTeam processesOrganisational andteam environment Reward systems Communication systems Physical space Organisational environment Organisational structure Organisational leadership9 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneTeam design elementsTask characteristicsbetter when tasks are clear, easy to implementtask interdependence share common inputs, processes or outcomesTeam sizesmaller teams are betterbut large enough to accomplish taskTeam compositionmembers motivated/competent to perform task in a team environmentteam diversity10 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneHomogeneous vs heterogeneous teamsHigher satisfactionLess conflictFaster team developmentMore efficient coordinationPerforms better on simple tasksMore conflictSlower team development  takes longer to agree on norms and goalsBetter knowledge and resources for complex tasksTend to be more creativeHigher potential for support outside the teamHomogeneous teamsHeterogeneous teams11 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneExisting teams might regress back to an earlier stage of developmentFormingStormingNormingPerformingAdjourningStages of team development12 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneTeam normsInformal rules and expectations a team establishes to regulate member behavioursNorms develop throughexplicit statementscritical events in team’s historyinitial team experiencesbeliefs/values members bring to the team13 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneChanging team normsIntroduce norms when forming teamsSelect members with preferred normsDiscuss counterproductive normsReward behaviours representing desired normsDisband teams with dysfunctional norms14 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneTeamcohesivenessMembersimilarityMemberinteractionTeamsizeSomewhatdifficult entryTeamsuccessExternalchallengesCauses of team cohesiveness15 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneTeam cohesiveness at MitelTrevor Pound couldn’t get away for a planned vacation, so other team members at Mitel turned his work area into a mini paradise. The practical joke illustrates how members of cohesive teams support each other.© J. Major, Ottawa Citizen16 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneTeam cohesiveness outcomeswant to remain membersare willing to share informationhave strong interpersonal bonds want to support each otherresolve conflict effectivelyare more satisfied and experience less stressMembers of cohesive teams© J. Major, Ottawa Citizen17 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneTeam norms support firm’sgoalsTeam norms oppose firm’sgoalsHigh team cohesivenessLow team cohesivenessCohesiveness and performanceLow taskperformanceModeratelyhigh taskperformanceModeratelylow taskperformanceHightaskperformance18 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneThe trouble with teamsIndividuals better/faster on some tasksProcess losses  cost of developing and maintaining teamsCompanies don’t support best work environment for team dynamicsSocial loafing19 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneConditions for social loafingLow task interdependenceIndividual output not visibleRoutine, uninteresting tasksLow task significanceLow collectivist values20 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneTeam building at Ericsson CyberlabsEmployees at Ericsson Cyberlab in Singapore climbed over rock walls, inched across planks, scaled cargo nets and performed other daunting tasks to improve team dynamics.© H.Y. How/Sunday Times (Singapore)21 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneTypes of team buildingRole definitionGoal settingProblem solving Interpersonal process© H.Y. How/Sunday Times (Singapore)22 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneOverview of the next chapterThe general model of decision makingChallenges with problem identification, choosing the best alternative and evaluating decisionsCauses of escalation of commitmentForms, levels and contingencies of employee involvementSelf-directed teams and sociotechnical systems theoryBarriers to employee involvement23 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneTeam dynamics