Bài giảng Organisational behaviour - Chapter 7 Stress management

Stress managementChapter learning objectivesDefine stress and describe the stress experience.Identify the different types of stressors in the workplace.Outline the stress process from stressors to consequences. Explain why a stressor might produce different stress levels in two different people.Discuss the physiological, psychological and behavioural effects of stress.Identify five ways to manage workplace stress.2 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneStressful teachingWelsh school teacher Janice Howell experienced considerable stress due to heavy workloads, difficult students and lack of resources. Australian teachers also experience anxiety, depression, nervous breakdowns and other stress-related symptoms.© Ian Nicholson/PA Photos3 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneWhat is stress?An adaptive response to a situation that is perceived as challenging or threatening to the person’s well-beingIan Nicholson/ PA Photos4 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneStage 1Alarm reactionStage 2ResistanceStage 3ExhaustionNormallevel ofresistanceGeneral adaptation syndrome5 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneStressWorkstressorsPhysicalenvironmentRole-relatedInterpersonalOrganisationalStressors and stress outcomesNon-workstressorsIndividualdifferencesConsequencesof stressPhysiologicalBehaviouralPsychological6 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneRole-related stressorsRole conflictinterrole conflictintrarole conflictperson-role conflictRole ambiguityuncertain duties, authorityWorkloadtoo much/too little workTask controlmachine pacingmonitoring equipmentno work schedule control© Photodisc. With permission.7 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneInterpersonal stressorsConflict with othersIncreased emphasis on team workSexual harassmentWorkplace violenceWorkplace bullying8 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneInterpersonal stressor: violenceHigh risk of workplace violence in the US, but higher in several other countries (eg France, Argentina, Canada)Workplace violence stress occurs fromtrauma of experiencing violenceobserving violence to others at workperceptions of risk of violence at work 9 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneInterpersonal stressor: bullyingOffensive, intimidating or humiliating behaviour that degrades, ridicules or insults another person at workWorkplace bullies tend to be people with higher authorityWorkplace bullying is reduced throughcode of conductcareful hiring360 degree feedbackconflict resolution system10 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneWork/non-work stressorsTime-based conflictdue to work schedule, commuting, travelwomen still do ‘second shift’ (most housework)Strain-based conflict work stress affects home and vice versaRole behaviour conflict incompatible work and non-work roles11 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneAccountantArtistAuto mechanicForesterLow-stressoccupationsHigh-stressoccupationsHospital managerPhysician (GP)PsychologistSchool principalPolice officerTel operatorPrime MinisterWaiter/waitressStress and occupationsMedium-stressoccupations12 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneIndividual differences in stressPerceive the situation differentlyself-efficacylocus of controlDifferent threshold levels of resistance to stressorstore of energyUse different stress-coping strategies13 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneType A / Type B behaviour patternTalks rapidlyIs devoted to workIs highly competitiveStruggles to perform several tasksHas a strong sense of time urgencyIs impatient with idlenessLoses temper easilyInterrupts othersHandles details patientlyIs less competitive with othersContemplates issues carefullyHas a low concern about time limitationsDoesn't feel guilty about relaxingHas a relaxed approach to lifeWorks at a steady paceType A behaviour patternType B behaviour pattern14 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneConsequences of distressPhysiological consequencescardiovascular diseasesulcers, sexual dysfunction, headachesBehavioural consequenceswork performance, accidents, decisionsabsenteeism  due to sickness and flightworkplace aggressionPsychological consequencesmoodiness, depression, emotional fatigue15 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneJob burnout processDepersonalisationReduced personalaccomplishmentPhysiological,psychologicaland behaviouralconsequencesEmotionalexhaustionInterpersonal androle-related stressors16 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneManaging stress at Darlot MineEmployees at Homestake’s Darlot gold mine in Western Australia are managing their stress better through exercise, nutrition and awareness of how to cope with shift work. The idea is that healthier employees cope with stress more effectively.© R. Taylor/ West Australian17 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneWork-life balance initiativesFlexible work timeJob sharing TelecommutingPersonal leaveChildcare facilities© R. Taylor/ West Australian18 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneOther stress management practicesWithdrawing from the stressorpermanent  better person-job fittemporary  work breaks, vacationsChanging stress perceptionsself-efficacy, self-leadershipControlling stress consequencesfitness and lifestyle programsrelaxation and meditationemployee counsellingSocial supportemotional and informational© R. Taylor/ West Australian19 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneOverview of the next chapterTypes of teams in organisationsWhy virtual teams are becoming more commonA model of team effectivenessOrganisational and team environmental elements that influence team effectivenessStages of team developmentUnderstanding and managing team norms and cohesivenessTypes of team building 20 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneStress management