Bài giảng Organisational behaviour - Chapter 5 Foundations of employee motivation

Foundations of employee motivationChapter learning objectivesDistinguish between content and process theories.Compare the four content theories of motivation.Discuss the practical implications of content motivation theories. Explain how each component of expectancy theory influences work effort. Discuss the implications of expectancy theory. Explain how employees react to inequity. Describe the six characteristics of effective goal setting. 2 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneChallenges of motivating employeesChanging workforceyounger generation employees have different needs and expectations to baby boomerspeople have more diverse values – results in more variety in what motivates employeesCultural valuesglobalisation has added to diversity3 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneContent versus process theoriesContent theoriesexplain why people have different needs at different timesProcess theoriesdescribe the processes through which needs are translated into behaviour4 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneNeeds hierarchytheoryNeeds hierarchy theorySelf-actualisationEsteemBelongingnessSafetyPhysiologicalMaslow arranged five needs in a hierarchySatisfaction-progression processPeople who experience self-actualisation desire more rather than less of this need5 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneERGtheoryERG theoryGrowthRelatednessExistenceAlderfer’s model has three sets of needsAdds frustration-regression process to Maslow’s modelNeeds hierarchytheorySelf-actualisationEsteemBelongingnessSafetyPhysiological6 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneContent theories of motivationMotivatorhygienetheoryMotivatorsHygienesNeed forachievementNeed forpowerNeed foraffiliationMcClelland’slearned needsERGtheoryGrowthRelatednessExistenceNeeds hierarchytheorySelf-actualisationEsteemBelongingnessSafetyPhysiological7 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneCreating a company of entrepreneursCompanies support entrepreneurship byclarifying the firm’s purpose and shared valuessupporting and reinforcing entrepreneurial behaviourcreating small businesses within the larger organisation8 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneImplications of content theoriesMatch rewards with employee needsOffer employees a choice of rewards people have different needs at different timesLimit use of financial rewards as a source of motivation9 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneE-to-PexpectancyP-to-OexpectancyOutcomesand valencesOutcome 1+ or -EffortPerformanceOutcome 3+ or -Outcome 2+ or -Expectancy theory of motivation10 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneExpectancy theory in practiceIncreasing E-to-P expectancytraining, selection, resources, clarify roles, provide coaching and feedbackIncreasing P-to-O expectancymeasure performance accurately, explain how rewards are based on past performanceIncreasing outcome valencesuse valued rewards, individualise rewards, minimise countervalent outcomes11 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneElements of equity theoryOutcome/input ratio inputs  what employee contributes (eg skill)outcomes  what employees receive (eg pay)Comparison otherperson/people with whom we compare rationot easily identifiableEquity evaluationcompare outcome/input ratio with the comparison other12 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneOverreward vs underreward inequityYouComparisonotherOutcomesInputsOutcomesInputsOverrewardinequityOutcomesInputsOutcomesInputsUnderrewardinequity13 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneConsequences of inequityChange inputsChange outcomesChange perceptionsLeave the fieldAct on the comparison otherChange the comparison other14 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneEquity sensitivityBenevolentstolerant of being underrewardedEquity sensitiveswant ratio to be equal to the comparison otherEntitledsprefer receiving proportionately more than others15 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneICICI embraces goal setting through its management-by-objectives process. The Indian financial services company sets tough corporate-wide objectives at the beginning of the year and cascades them down to each work unit and employee.Goal setting at ICICICourtesy of Jennifer Speirs16 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneSpecificRelevantChallengingTaskeffortTaskperformanceEffective goal settingChallengingParticipationCommitment17 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneArea ofoptimalgoaldifficultyHighTask performanceLowModerateChallengingImpossibleEffect of goal difficulty on performanceGoal difficulty18 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneOverview of the next chapterThe meaning of money in the workplaceAdvantages and disadvantages of the four types of rewardsFive ways to improve reward effectivenessAdvantages and disadvantages of job specialisationJob characteristics model of job designThree strategies to enrich jobsFive elements of self-leadership19 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and TravaglioneFoundations of employee motivation