Bài giảng Operations Management - Chapter 6 Process Selection and Facility Layout

Process Selection and Facility LayoutChapter 6Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.You should be able to:LO 6.1 Explain the strategic importance of process selection and the influence it has on the organization and its supply chainLO 6.2 Name the two main factors that influence process selectionLO 6.3 Compare the four basic processing typesLO 6.4 Explain the need for management of technologyLO 6.5 List some reasons for redesign of layoutsLO 6.6 Describe product layouts and their main advantages and disadvantagesLO 6.7 Describe process layouts and their main advantages and disadvantagesLO 6.8 Solve simple line-balancing problemsLO 6.9 Develop simple process layoutsChapter 6: Learning ObjectivesProcess selectionRefers to deciding on the way production of goods or services will be organizedIt has major implications forCapacity planningLayout of facilitiesEquipmentDesign of work systemsProcess SelectionLO 6.1Two key questions in process selection:How much variety will the process need to be able to handle?How much volume will the process need to be able to handle?Process SelectionJob ShopRepetitiveBatchContinuousLO 6.2Job ShopBatchRepetitive/AssemblyContinuousDescriptionCustomizedgoods orservicesSemi-standardizedgoods or servicesStandardizedgoods orservicesHighly standardizedGoods or servicesAdvantagesAble to handle a wide variety of workFlexibility; easy to add or change products or servicesLow unit cost, high volume, efficientVery efficient, very high volumeDisadvantagesSlow, high costper unit,complexplanning andschedulingModerate costper unit,moderateschedulingcomplexityLow flexibility,high cost of downtimeVery rigid, lack of variety, costly to change, very high cost of downtimeTypes of ProcessingLO 6.3Process technology and information technology can have a profound impact on:CostsProductivityCompetitivenessThe Need to Manage TechnologyLO 6.4Inefficient operationsHigh costBottlenecksAccidents or safety hazardsChanges in product or service designIntroduction of new products or servicesChanges in output volume or product mixChanges in methods or equipmentChanges in environmental or other legal requirementsMorale problemsThe Need for Layout PlanningLO 6.5Product layout Layout that uses standardized processing operations to achieve smooth, rapid, high-volume flowRepetitive Processing: Product LayoutsUsed for Repetitive ProcessingRepetitive or ContinuousRaw materialsor customerFinished itemStation 2 Station 3Station 4 Material and/or laborMaterial and/or laborMaterial and/or laborMaterial and/or laborStation 1 LO 6.6Process layoutsLayouts that can handle varied processing requirementsNon-repetitive Processing: Process LayoutsUsed for Intermittent processingJob Shop or BatchDept. ADept. BDept. DDept. CDept. FDept. ELO 6.7Fixed Position layoutLayout in which the product or project remains stationary, and workers, materials, and equipment are moved as neededFixed Position LayoutsLine balancingThe process of assigning tasks to workstations in such a way that the workstations have approximately equal time requirementsGoal:Obtain task grouping that represent approximately equal time requirements since this minimizes idle time along the line and results in a high utilization of equipment and laborWhy is line balancing important?It allows us to use labor and equipment more efficiently.To avoid fairness issues that arise when one workstation must work harder than another.Line BalancingLO 6.8Cycle TimeCycle timeThe maximum time allowed at each workstation to complete its set of tasks on a unitCycle time also establishes the output rate of a lineLO 6.8The required number of workstations is a function ofDesired output rateOur ability to combine tasks into a workstationTheoretical minimum number of stationsHow Many Workstations are Needed?LO 6.8Designing Process LayoutsThe main issue in designing process layouts concerns the relative placement of the departmentsMeasuring effectivenessA major objective in designing process layouts is to minimize transportation cost, distance, or timeLO 6.9Information RequirementsIn designing process layouts, the following information is required:A list of departments to be arranged and their dimensionsA projection of future work flows between the pairs of work centersThe distance between locations and the cost per unit of distance to move loads between themThe amount of money to be invested in the layoutA list of any special considerationsThe location of key utilities, access and exit points, etc.LO 6.9