Bài giảng Operations Management - Chapter 15 Supply Chain Management

Supply Chain ManagementChapter 15Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.You should be able to:LO 15.1 Explain the terms supply chain and logisticsLO 15.2 Name the key aspects of supply chain managementLO 15.3 List, and briefly explain, current trends in supply chain managementLO 15.4 Outline the benefits and risks related to outsourcingLO 15.5 Explain what the main supply chain risks are, and what businesses can do to minimize those risksLO 15.6 Describe some of the complexities related to global supply chainsLO 15.7 Briefly describe the ethical issues in supply chains and the key steps companies can take to avoid ethical problemsLO 15.8 Describe the three concerns of small businesses related to the supply chain and suggest ways to manage those concernsLO 15.9 List several strategic, tactical, and operational responsibilities related to managing the supply chainLO 15.10 Discuss procurement in terms of the purchasing interfaces, the purchasing cycle, ethics, and centralized versus decentralized decision makingLO 15.11 Briefly describe the key aspects of supplier managementLO 15.12 Discuss the logistics aspects of supply chain management, including RFID technologyLO 15.13 Discuss the issues involved in managing returnsLO 15.14 Describe some of the challenges in creating an effective supply chain and some of the trade-offs involvedChapter 15: Learning ObjectivesSupply Chain:the sequence of organizations - their facilities, functions, and activities - that are involved in producing and delivering a product or serviceLogistics:the part of a supply chain involved with the forward and reverse flow of goods, services, cash, and information.Supply ChainLO 15.1The goal of SCM is to match supply to demand as effectively and efficiently as possibleKey issues:Determining appropriate levels of outsourcingManaging procurementManaging suppliersManaging customer relationshipsBeing able to quickly identify problems and respond to themKey Aspects of SCMLO 15.2Trends affecting supply chain design and management:Measuring supply chain ROI“Greening” the supply chainRe-evaluating outsourcingIntegrating ITAdopting lean principlesManaging risksTrends in SCMLO 15.3Benefits:Lower prices may result from lower labor costsThe ability of the organization to focus on its core strengthsPermits the conversion of some fixed costs to variable costsIt can free up capital to address other needsSome risks can be shifted to the supplierThe ability to take advantage of a supplier’s expertiseMakes it easier to expand outside of the home countryRisksInflexibility due to longer lead timesIncreased transportation costsLanguage and cultural differencesLoss of jobsLoss of controlLower productivityLoss of business knowledgeKnowledge transfer and intellectual property concernsIncreased effort required to manage the supply chainBenefits & Risks of OutsourcingLO 15.4Supply Chain RisksSupply chain disruptionNatural disastersSupplier problemsQuality IssuesAnother form of disruption that may disrupt supplies and lead to product recalls, liability claims, and negative publicityLoss of control of sensitive informationIf suppliers divulge sensitive information to competitors, it can weaken a firm’s competitive positionSupply Chain RisksLO 15.5Global supply chainsProduct design often uses inputs from around the worldSome manufacturing and service activities are outsourced to countries where labor and/or materials costs are lowerProducts are sold globallyComplexitiesLanguage and cultural differencesCurrency fluctuationsPolitical instabilityIncreasing transportation costs and lead timesIncreased need for trust amongst supply chain partnersGlobal Supply ChainsLO 15.6Three small business SCM concerns:Inventory managementCarry extra inventory as a way to avoid shortages due to supply chain interruptionHave backups for delivery from suppliers and to customersReducing risksUse only reliable suppliersDetermine which suppliers are critical and get to know them and any challenges they haveMeasure supplier performanceRecognize warning signs of supplier issuesHave plans in place to manage supply chain problemsInternational tradeWork with someone who has expertise to help oversee foreign suppliersSet expectations for demand and timingDo not rely on a single supplierBuild goodwill to help in negotiations and resolving any problem that ariseConsider using domestic suppliers if the risks of working with foreign suppliers are prohibitiveSmall Business ConcernsLO 15.8Management Responsibility:StrategicCertain strategic responsibilities have a major impact on the success of both supply chain management and the business itself:Supply chain strategy alignmentNetwork configurationInformation technologyProducts and servicesCapacity planningStrategic partnershipsDistribution strategyUncertainty and risk reductionLO 15.9The purchasing department is responsible for obtaining the materials, parts, and supplies and services needed to produce a product or provide a service.The goal of procurementDevelop and implement purchasing plans for products and services that support operations strategiesProcurementLO 15.10Supplier ManagementChoosing suppliersSupplier auditsSupplier certificationSupplier relationship managementSupplier partnershipsCPFR (collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment)Strategic partneringLO 15.11LogisticsLogisticsRefers to the movement of materials, services, cash, and information in a supply chainMovements within a facilityIncoming shipmentsOutgoing shipmentsLO 15.12Reverse LogisticsThe process of transporting returned itemsProducts are returned to companies or third party handlers for a variety of reasons and in a variety of conditionsElements of return managementGatekeepingScreening returned goods to prevent incorrect acceptance of goodsAvoidanceFinding ways to minimize the number of items that are returnedManaging ReturnsLO 15.13It begins with strategic sourcingAnalyzing the procurement process to lower costs by reducing waste and non-value-added activities, increase profits, reduce risks, and improve supplier performanceThere must beTrustEffective communicationInformation velocitySupply chain visibilityEvent management capabilityPerformance metricsCreating an Effective Supply ChainLO 15.14