Bài giảng Management: A Practical Introduction - Chapter 10 Organizational Change & Innovation: Lifelong Challenges for the Exceptional Manager

Chapter TenOrganizational Change & Innovation:Lifelong Challenges for the ExceptionalManagerMcGraw-Hill/IrwinCopyright © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Major Questions You Should Be Able to Answer10.1 Since change is always with us, what should I understand about it?10.2 How are employees threatened by change, and how can I help them adjust?10.3 What are the uses of OD, and how effective is it?10.4 What do I need to know to encourage innovation?Collins’s Five Stages of DeclineStage 1 Hubris Born of SuccessStage 2 Undisciplined Pursuit of MoreStage 3 Denial of Risk and PerilStage 4 Grasping for SalvationStage 5 Capitulation to Irrelevance or DeathForces for Change Outside and Inside the OrganizationFigure 10.1Areas in Which Change Is Often NeededChanging peoplePerceptions, attitudes, performance, skillsChanging technologyChanging structureChanging strategyChanging TechnologyTechnologyany machine or process that enables an organization to gain a competitive advantage in changing materials used to produce a finished productnot just computer technologyA Model of Resistance to ChangeFigure 10.2The Causes of Resistance to ChangeResistance to change an emotional/behavioral response to real or imagined threats to an established work routineLewin’s Change ModelUnfreezing creating the motivation to changeChanging learning new ways of doing thingsRefreezing making the new ways normalSteps to Leading Organizational ChangeTable 10.2Organization DevelopmentOrganization development (OD) set of techniques for implementing planned change to make people and organizations more effectiveThe OD ProcessFigure 10.3Types of InnovationProduct innovation change in the appearance or performance of a product or the creation of a new oneProcess innovation change in the way a product is conceived, manufactured, or disseminatedTypes of InnovationIncremental innovation creation of products, services, or technologies that modify existing onesRadical innovation creation of products, services, or technologies that replace existing onesFour Steps For Fostering InnovationFigure 10.4