Bài giảng Management: A Pacific Rim Focus - Chapter 2 Pioneering ideas in management

CHAPTER 2PIONEERING IDEAS IN MANAGEMENT1© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Lecture outlineEarly management ideasClassical theoristsBehavioural theoristsQuantitative approachContemporary ideasInnovation & management theory 2© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Early management ideas Robert Owen (1771–1858) Identified the importance of working and social conditions for employees.Charles Babbage (1792–1871) Ideas on work specialisation, production efficiency, incentive and profit-sharing plans.Henry R. Towne (1844–1924) Called for a ‘management science’ that would establish ‘principles’ of management. 3© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Early management ideasAssessing the early contributions:Uncoordinated efforts.Contributions tended to relate to specific problems.Did not see ‘management’ as a separate field or skill (until Towne).4© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Classical theorists ‘This viewpoint emphasises managing work and organisations more efficiently. It comprises three different management approaches: scientific, administrative and bureaucratic.’5© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Classical theoristsScientific management F. W. Taylor, F. & L. Gilbreth, H. GanttBureaucratic management M. WeberAdministrative management H. Fayol6© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Scientific management ‘Scientific management is an approach within classical management theory emphasising the scientific study of work methods to improve worker efficiency.’7© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Scientific managementFrederick W. TaylorFour principles of ‘scientific management’:Select & train the best.Determine the most efficient work methods.Co-operate with workers to ensure best method is used.Divide work/responsibility between workers & managers.8© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Scientific managementFrank & Lillian Gilbreth Time & motion studies Human implications of Scientific ManagementHenry Gantt Pay incentives Gantt chart9© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Bureaucratic management ‘Approach emphasising the need for organisations to operate in a rational manner rather than relying on owner’s and manager’s arbitrary whims.’10© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Bureaucratic managementWeber’s Ideal BureaucracySpecialisation of labourFormal rules & proceduresImpersonalityWell-defined hierarchyAdvancement on merit11© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Bureaucratic managementMax WeberFormal rules & proceduresSpecialisation of labourHierarchy of positionsAdvancement on merit12© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Administrative management ‘Approach focusing on principles used by managers to co-ordinate the organisation’s internal activities.’13© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Administrative management Henri Fayol’sDivision of workAuthorityDisciplineUnity of command/directionPrimacy of general interestRemunerationEsprit de corps Principles of managementCentralisationScalar chainOrderEquityLow turnoverInitiative14© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Administrative managementHenri FayolCo-ordinatingCommandingControllingPlanningOrganising15© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Behavioural theorists ‘Perspective on management emphasising the importance of attempting to understand various factors affecting human behaviour in organisations.’16© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Behavioural theoristsEarly theorists:Hugo Munsterberg Creating optimal psychological conditions, behaviour shapingMary Parker Follett Importance of group functioningHawthorne studies Importance of supervisory style 17© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Behavioural theoristsHuman relations movementAbraham Maslow Hierarchy of NeedsDouglas McGregor Theory X & Y18© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Maslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsPhysiologicalSafetySocialEsteemSelf-actualisation19© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.McGregor’s Theory X & YTheory XWork is naturalCapable of self-directionSeek responsibilityCan make good decisionsWork avoiding Need to controlAvoid responsibilityWorkers seek securityTheory Y20© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Quantitative management viewpoint ‘Focuses on mathematics, statistics and information aids to support managerial decision making and organisational effectiveness.’21© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Quantitative management viewpointManagement science ‘Approach aimed at increasing decision effectiveness through use of sophisticated mathematical models & statistical methods.’Operations management ‘Function or field of expertise primarily responsible for managing production & delivery of an organisation’s products and services.’Management information systems ‘Field of management focused on designing & implementing computer-based information systems for use by management.’22© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Contemporary viewpointsSystems theory ‘Approach based on the idea that organisations can be viewed as systems.’Contingency theory ‘Viewpoint arguing that appropriate managerial action depends on the particular parameters of the situation.’23© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Contemporary viewpointsTheory Z ‘Concept combining positive aspects of American and Japanese management into a modified approach aimed at increasing managerial effectiveness while remaining compatible with the norms and values of American society and culture.’Total Quality approach ‘Approach highlighting collective responsibility for product and service quality, and encouraging individuals to work together to improve quality.’24© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Promoting innovation Each management viewpoint provides a contribution to managing innovation:ClassicalBehaviouralQuantitativeContemporary25© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Lecture summaryEarly management ideas Generation of ideas leading to identification of management as a significant field of inquiry.Classical theorists Emphasised finding ways to more efficiently manage work and organisations.Behavioural theorists Emphasised the importance of trying to understand factors affecting human behaviour in organisations.26© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Lecture summaryQuantitative approach Focuses on mathematics, statistics and information aids supporting managerial decision making and effectiveness.Contemporary ideas Views of organisations as systems, importance of contingency factors & amalgamating Japanese & American management practices.Innovation & management theory Each approach provides insights, knowledge & practice regarding the management of innovation in organisations. 27© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.