Bài giảng Management: A Pacific Rim Focus - Chapter 17 Managing organisations through change and conflict

CHAPTER 17MANAGING ORGANISATIONS THROUGH CHANGE AND CONFLICT1© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Lecture outlineManaging changeManaging resistance to changeManaging conflictRelationship between conflict & change2© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Managing changeThe organisationExternalchangefactorseconomyregulationscompetitiontechnicaldevelopmentimportspoliticsInternalchangefactorsstructurejobsemployeestechnologyculture3© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Managing changeThe change cycle1.Performancegap2.Identify adesired future3,Recogniseneed forchange4.Problemdiagnosis5.Developmentof alternatives6.Selection ofappropriatealternatives7.Implementation8.Evaluationagainstdesiredoutcomes4© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Managing resistance to changeIndividual resistance to change:Self-interestMisunderstandingLack of trustDifferential assessmentAbility to adjust5© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Managing resistance to changeUNFREEZECHANGEUNFREEZEREFREEZETHREE-STEP PROCESS:6© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Managing resistance to changeOvercoming resistance to changeForce Field Analysis (Kurt Lewin)‘a method involving analysing the two types of forces, driving forces and restraining forces,that influence any proposed change then assessing how best to overcome resistance.’Driving forcesFactors pressuringfor a particularchangeRestrainingforcesFactors pressuringagainst a change7© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Managing resistance to changeOvercoming resistanceMETHODS(Kotter & Schlesinger)Participation & involvementEducation &communicationFacilitation &supportNegotiation &agreementManipulation &co-optationExplicit & implicit coercion8© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Managing conflictBetween individuals & organisationCauses of conflictBenefits and losses from conflict9© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Managing conflictCONFLICT between individuals/ organisations: ‘Perceived difference between two or more parties resulting in mutual opposition’. ‘Many job structures conflict with a healthy personality’s basic growth needs.’10© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Managing conflictConflict between individuals/organisations:Conflict is strongestwithVery mature employeesHighlystructuredorganisationsFormalised rules and proceduresFragmentedand mechanisedjobs11© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Managing conflictConflict between individuals/organisations:LeaveDefendDisassociateFind distractionConflict occurs:Employees must choose toForm alliances12© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Managing conflictCauses of conflictCommunication factorsStructural factorsSizeParticipationLine staff distinctionsReward systemsResource interdependenceTask interdependencePowerPersonal behaviour factorsCommunication stylesWorkforce diversityDifferences in goalsReward structuresDifferences in perceptionsIncreased demand for specialists13© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Managing conflictBenefits & losses from conflictBenefitsProductivetask focusCohesion & satisfactionPower &feedbackGoalattainmentLossesEnergydiversionDistorted judgementLoser affectsPoorco-ordination14© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Managing conflictReducing/resolving conflict:Change situational factorsAppeal to superordinate goalsInterpersonal conflict handling techniques Avoidance Accommodation Competition Compromise Collaboration15© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Relationship: conflict & changeManaging inter-group conflictIntergroup trainingExpansion of resourcesBureaucratic authorityProblem solvingLimited communicationSmoothingConfrontation & negotiationIntergroup conflict resolution16© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Relationship: conflict & changeTypes of inter-group conflict Functional DysfunctionalChanging views on conflict Traditional view—conflict is destructive & unnecessary Modern view—conflict is inevitable, & may produce better organisational performanceStimulating conflict Build group diversity, communicate to provoke change, encourage competition17© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Lecture summaryManaging change Diagnosing need Change cycleManaging resistance to change Introducing change Resistance to change Managing resistanceManaging conflict Individual-organisational conflict CausesRelationship between conflict & change18© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.Lecture summaryManaging conflict Individual-organisational conflict CausesRelationship between conflict & change Types of inter-group conflict Changing views on conflict Stimulating conflict19© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition. Slides prepared by David Meacheam & George Sansbury.