Bài giảng Information Systems in Business - Chapter 5 Data Resource Management

Data Resource ManagementChapter5McGraw-Hill/IrwinCopyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Explain the business value of implementing data resource management processes and technologies in an organization.Outline the advantages of a database management approach to managing the data resources of a business, compared to a file processing approach.Explain how database management software helps business professionals and supports the operations and management of a business.Learning Objectives Provide examples to illustrate the following conceptsMajor types of databasesData warehouses and data miningLogical data elementsFundamental database structuresDatabase developmentLearning Objectives File or tableA group of related recordsMaster fileTransaction fileHistory fileArchival fileDatabaseAn integrated collection of logically related data elementsWorld’s largest database?Logical Data ElementsDatabase StructuresCommon database structuresHierarchicalNetworkRelationalObject-orientedMulti-dimensionalMost widely used structureData elements are stored in tablesRow represents a record; column is a fieldCan relate data in one file with data in another, if both files share a common data elementRelational StructureSelectCreate a subset of records that meet a stated criterionExample: employees earning more than $30,000JoinCombine two or more tables temporarilyLooks like one big tableProjectCreate a subset of columns in a tableRelational OperationsEvaluation of Database StructuresHierarchicalWorks for structured, routine transactionsCan’t handle many-to-many relationshipsNetworkMore flexible than hierarchicalUnable to handle ad hoc requestsRelationalEasily responds to ad hoc requestsEasier to work with and maintainNot as efficient/quick as hierarchical or networkDatabase DevelopmentDatabase Administrator (DBA)Enterprise database developmentImproves integrity and securityData Definition Language (DDL) Data contents, relationships, and structureSpecifications Data dictionary Metadata repositoryData DictionaryA data dictionaryContains data about data (metadata)Specialized software manages data definitionsContains information onNames, types and descriptions of dataRelationshipsRequirements for access and useMaintenanceSecurityData Planning and Database DesignDatabase development is top-down processDevelop an enterprise modelDefine the information needs of end usersIdentify the key data elementsData Resource ManagementManagerial activityUses data management, data warehousing, and other IS technologiesManages data for business stakeholdersDatabase InterrogationBoolean LogicDeveloped by George Boole Mid-1800sUsed to refine searches Three logical operators: AND, OR, NOTExampleCats OR felines AND NOT dogs OR BroadwayDatabase MaintenanceAccomplished byTransaction processing systemsUtilities and other applications, supported by DBMSRecords new business transactionsUpdating and correcting data Customer addressesApplication DevelopmentDBMS tools4GL programming languageBuilt-in software development toolsData manipulation language (DML) statementsEliminate conventional programmingApplicationsData entry screensFormsReportsWeb pages