Bài giảng Information Systems in Business - Chapter 14 Enterprise and Global Management of Information Technology

Enterprise and Global Management of Information TechnologyChapter14McGraw-Hill/IrwinCopyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Identify each of the three components of information technology management and use examples to illustrate how they might be implemented in a business.Explain how failures in IT management can be reduced by the involvement of business managers in IT planning and management.Identify several cultural, political, and geo-economic challenges that confront managers in the management of global information technologies.Learning ObjectivesExplain the effect on global business/IT strategy of the trend toward a transnational business strategy by international business organizationsIdentify several considerations that affect the choice of IT applications, IT platforms, data access policies, and systems development methods by a global business enterpriseUnderstand the fundamental concepts of outsourcing and offshoring, as well as the primary reasons for selecting such an approach to IS/IT managementLearning ObjectivesOrganizing ITEarly YearsCentralization of computing with large mainframesNextDownsizing and moving back to decentralizationProliferation of mid-range and mini-computersCurrentHybrid of centralized and decentralized componentsIS SubsidiariesOutsourcingSystems integratorsApplication service providersIT Staff PlanningRecruiting, training and retainingEvaluating employee job performanceRewarding outstanding performanceSetting salary and wage levelsDesigning career pathsChief Information Officer (CIO)Chief Technology Officer (CTO)E-commerce architectTechnical team leaderPractice managerSystems analystTechnology ManagementPlatform for integrating business applicationsBoth internally or externally focusedTechnologiesInternet, intranets, e-commerce and collaboration, CRM, ERP, and SCM softwareResponsibility of Chief Technology OfficerGlobal Teams – Best PracticesObtain local HR expertiseCreate job grade consistency across regionsManage dispersed staff as portfolio teamsMake the work meaningfulClearly defining the roles of remote groupsBring remote staff to headquartersFoster communication across regional boundariesGlobal Business DriversCompetitive or environmental forces drive business requirementsExamples of global drivers:CustomersProductsOperationsResourcesCollaborationGlobal IT PlatformsHardware DifficultiesHigh pricesHigh tariffsImport restrictionsLong lead times for government approvalsLack of local service or spare partsLack of documentation tailored to local conditionsSoftware DifficultiesIncompatibility of softwareEurope vs Asia vs USPublisher reluctanceMay refuse to supply markets that disregard software licensing and copyright agreements The Internet as a Global IT PlatformThe InternetAn interconnected matrix that reaches tens of millions of users in over 100 countriesBusiness environment is free of traditional boundaries and limitsWithout incurring massive cost outlays for telecommunications, companies canExpand marketsReduce communications and distribution costsImprove profit marginsGlobal Data Access IssuesTransborder Data Flows may be viewed as violatingNational sovereigntyLaws protecting local IT from competitionLaws protecting local jobsPrivacy legislationInternet Access in Restrictive CountriesRevolves aroundControlling the conduitsFiltering the flowsPunishing the purveyorsFor most of the world restriction is not viable Hurts opportunities for growth and prosperityGlobal Government Internet RestrictionsHigh Government Access FeesKazakhstan, KyrgyzstanGovernment Monitored AccessChina, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Azerbaijan, UbekistanGovernment Filtered AccessBelarus, Cuba, Iraq, Tunisia, Sierra Leone, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, VietnamNo Public Access AllowedBurma, Libya, North KoreaGlobal Systems DevelopmentKey development issuesConflicts over local vs global system requirementsAgreement on common system featuresDisturbances caused by systems implementation and maintenance activitiesGlobal standardization of data definitionsSystems Development StrategiesKey strategies for global systems developmentTransform an application used by the home office or a subsidiary into a global applicationSet up a multinational development teamParallel developmentCenters of excellenceOffshore development