Bài giảng Information Systems in Business - Chapter 12 Developing Business/IT Solutions

Developing Business/IT SolutionsChapter12McGraw-Hill/IrwinCopyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Use the systems development process outlined in this chapter and the model of IS components from Chapter 1 as problem-solving frameworks to help you propose information systems solutions to simple business problemsDescribe and give examples to illustrate how you might use each of the steps of the information systems development cycle to develop and implement a business information systemLearning ObjectivesLearning ObjectivesExplain how prototyping can be used as an effective technique to improve the process of systems development for end users and IS specialistsUnderstand the basics of project management and their importance to a successful system development effortIdentify the activities involved in the implementation of new information systemsLearning ObjectivesCompare and contrast the four basic system conversation strategiesDescribe several evaluation factors that should be considered in evaluating the acquisition of hardware, software, and IS servicesThe Systems ApproachProblem solving techniqueInterrelated activitiesRecognize and define a problem or opportunity using systems thinkingDevelop and evaluate alternative system solutionsSelect the solution that best meets your requirementsDesign the selected system solutionImplement and evaluate the success of the systemTypes of Feasibility StudiesOperationalFix the problem, fit the organizationEconomicCost/Benefit AnalysisTechnicalComponents and time availableHuman FactorsRight people and roles availableLegal/PoliticalGovernment, patent, or license restrictionsTypes of AnalysisOrganizationalStructure, people, activitiesPresent SystemHardware, software, network, input, output, processingLogicalWhat the current system doesNot concerned with how it worksUser Interface DesignSupports interactions between end users and computer-based applicationsGet help from end-usersDesigners create attractive and efficient forms Frequently a prototyping processProduces detailed design specificationsSystem SpecificationsComponents of formal designUser interface methods and productsDatabase structuresProcessing proceduresControl proceduresExamples of System SpecificationsUser interface specificationsDatabase specificationsSoftware specificationsHardware and network specificationsPersonnel specificationsObject-Oriented Analysis and DesignObject – anything a programmer needs manipulatedObject-Oriented Programming (OOP) techniques:InheritanceModularityPolymorphismEncapsulationObject-Oriented Analysis (OOA)Model of object interaction, not solutionObject-Oriented Design (OOD)Solution based on constraintsWhat is a Project?Every project hasA set of activities with a clear beginning and endGoalsObjectivesTasksLimitations or constraintsA series of steps or phasesManaging a project effectively requiresProcessToolsTechniquesHardware Evaluation FactorsPerformanceCostReliabilityCompatibilityTechnologyErgonomicsConnectivityScalabilitySoftwareSupportSoftware Evaluation FactorsMost Hardware Evaluation Factors ApplyQualityEfficiencyFlexibilitySecurityConnectivityMaintenanceDocumentationHardwareOverall RatingSoftware that is slow, hard to use, bug-filled, or poorly documented is not a good choice at any priceIS Service Evaluation FactorsIS evaluation factors includePerformanceSystems developmentMaintenanceConversionTrainingBackup facilities and servicesAccessibility to sales and supportBusiness position and financial strengthHardware selection and compatibilitySoftware packages offeredPost-Implementation ActivitiesSystem MaintenanceCorrective: fix bugs and logical errorsAdaptive: add new functionalityPerfective: improve performancePreventive: reduce chances of failurePost Implementation ReviewCorrect Errors Periodic review/auditSingle most costly activity