Bài giảng Glencoe World History - Chapter 26 World War II, 1939-1945

Splash ScreenChapter MenuChapter IntroductionSection 1: Paths to WarSection 2: The Course of World War IISection 3: The New Order and the HolocaustSection 4: Home Front and Aftermath of WarVisual SummaryChapter Intro How can war affect civilians?The German blitzkrieg quickly overwhelmed Poland, setting off the war in Europe. German troops paraded in Warsaw to celebrate their victory. The people of Poland soon experienced the terrors of Hitler’s regime, suffering torture, forced deportation, slave labor, and execution. In this chapter you will learn about the course of World War II and its effects.• What was the Holocaust and how did it affect the people of Nazi-occupied lands?• How are conflicts today affecting civilian populations?Chapter Intro Chapter Intro Chapter Intro 1Paths to WarHow did German and Japanese actions lead to World War II?Chapter Intro 2The Course of World War IIHow did the entrance of the United States into the war change its course?Chapter Intro 3The New Order and the HolocaustWhat groups did Nazi Germany target for genocide?Chapter Intro 4Home Front and Aftermath of WarHow were women in the United States affected by the war?Chapter Preview-EndSection 1-Main IdeaThe BIG IdeaCompetition Among Countries The ambitions of Japan and Germany paved the way for the outbreak of World War II.Section 1-Key TermsContent VocabularydemilitarizedappeasementsanctionsAcademic VocabularydominateviolationSection 1-Key TermsPeople and PlacesAdolf HitlerRhinelandBenito MussoliniSudetenlandJoseph StalinManchukuoChiang Kai-shekNew OrderABSection 1-Polling QuestionWould you let a bully pick on a classmate as long as he didn’t pick on you or anyone else? A. YesB. NoSection 1The German Path to WarAdolf Hitler’s theory of racial domination laid the foundation for aggressive expansion outside of Germany.Section 1Adolf Hitler became chancellor of the German government with support of the Nazi Party.Hitler wanted to build a vast Aryan racial state, known as the Third Reich, which he believed would dominate Europe for thousands of years. The German Path to War (cont.)Section 1Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles by creating a new air force and expanding Germany’s army. France, Great Britain, and Italy condemned these actions.Hitler’s first aggressive move occurred when he invaded a demilitarized zone in Germany known as the Rhineland. The German Path to War (cont.)German and Italian Expansion, 1935–1939Section 1Great Britain adopted a policy of appeasement and did not take military action against Germany.Hitler looked for allies with common political and economic interests, which he found in Benito Mussolini of Italy.Mussolini and Hitler created the Rome-Berlin Axis, a pact recognizing their shared political and economic goals.The German Path to War (cont.)Section 1By November of 1936, Hitler formed an anti-communist alliance with Japan known as the Anti-Comintern Pact.Hitler annexed his homeland of Austria on March 13, 1938. Hitler announced, in 1938, that he would wage a world war if he was denied occupation of Sudetenland. The German Path to War (cont.)Section 1France, Great Britain, Italy, and Germany all agreed to Hitler’s plan at the Munich Conference, abandoning the Czechs.Hitler continued to advance into Czechoslovakia and eventually demanded the Polish Port of Danzig. Great Britain and France soon realized they would need help from Joseph Stalin and the Soviet Union to contain Nazi aggression. The German Path to War (cont.)Section 1To avoid fighting a war on two fronts and to gain access into Poland, Hitler signed the Nazi-Soviet Non-aggression Pact on August 23, 1939, with Joseph Stalin.On September 1, 1939, German forces invaded Poland, causing Britain and France to declare war on Germany two days later. The German Path to War (cont.)ABCDSection 1Hitler’s first aggressive move was to take over which of the following demilitarized zones? A. PolandB. SudetenlandC. AustriaD. RhinelandSection 1The Japanese Path to WarThe need for natural resources fueled the Japanese plan to seize other countries.Section 1The Japanese cleverly devised a ruse to justify conquering Manchuria, a country containing 30 million Chinese and vast natural resources. On September 18, 1931, Japanese troops dressed as Chinese and blew up a portion of a Japanese-owned railway. The Japanese Path to War (cont.)Japanese Expansion, 1933–1941Section 1Against worldwide protest, Japan “retaliated” by seizing and renaming Manchuria as Manchukuo. Chiang Kai-Shek, leader of the Chinese Nationalist Party, was embattled in a civil war against the Chinese Communist Party and did not want to go to war with Japan.Chiang and the Communists put their differences aside and fought against the Japanese for the entire length of the war. The Japanese Path to War (cont.)Section 1Japan wanted a New Order in East Asia, which would comprise Japan, China, and Manchuria, and act as a model for other developing nations.Japan did not want to fight the European colonial powers or the United States, but by 1940, they began to demand rights to French Indochina. The United States objected and warned that it would retaliate with economic sanctions.The Japanese Path to War (cont.)ABCDSection 1Why did the Japanese become involved in World War II? A. To gain power and prestigeB. To acquire natural resourcesC. To conquer EuropeD. To create an Aryan stateSection 1-EndSection 2-Main IdeaThe BIG IdeaDevastation of War Allied perseverance, effective military operations, and Axis miscalculations brought the devastation of World War II to an end.Section 2-Key TermsContent VocabularyblitzkriegneutralityisolationismpartisansAcademic VocabularyresolveinvolvementSection 2-Key TermsPeople and PlacesFranklin D. RooseveltStalingradMidway IslandDouglas MacArthurWinston ChurchillNormandyHarry S. TrumanHiroshimaABSection 2-Polling QuestionUsing any means necessary justifies the result of ending a war.A. AgreeB. DisagreeSection 2Europe at WarGermany used a “lightning war” to gain control of much of western and central Europe, but Britain was undefeated and German troops were stopped in Russia.Section 2Germany’s use of blitzkrieg, or “lightning war,” to attack Poland stunned Europe with the speed and efficiency of the attack.In September 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union divided Poland. By spring 1940, Hitler used blitzkrieg tactics to attack Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France.Europe at War (cont.)World War II in Europe and North Africa, 1939–1941Section 2On June 22, 1940, the French signed an armistice allowing German armies to occupy three-fifths of France.U.S. citizens did not want to get involved in the war. President Franklin D. Roosevelt adopted a policy of isolationism, but denounced Germany’s attacks. A series of neutrality acts prevented the United States from becoming involved. Europe at War (cont.)World War II in Europe and North Africa, 1939–1941Section 2In August of 1940, the German air force, the Luftwaffe, launched a major offensive on Great Britain.The British air force inflicted enough damage on Luftwaffe bombers to persuade Hitler to postpone the invasion of Great Britain.Hitler believed that Britain would not remain in the war without the support of the Soviet Union. Hitler confidently invaded the Soviet Union, hoping to obtain full occupation by winter. Europe at War (cont.)Section 2The German forces quickly captured two million Russian soldiers and swept through Ukraine. An early winter turned the tide of German successes; German troops did not have adequate winter supplies and were forced to halt their advances.The Soviet forces launched a counterattack in December of 1941. Europe at War (cont.)ABCDSection 2Which technological advancement helped the British air force combat the Luftwaffe? A. The Maxim gun B. RadarC. TanksD. Telegraph systemSection 2Japan at WarThe Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor outraged Americans and led to the entry of the United States into the war.Section 2On December 7, 1941, Japanese aircraft attacked the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, hoping to destroy the Pacific fleet and any attempt of U.S. involvement.Japan quickly acquired territory throughout Southeast Asia, creating the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.Japan at War (cont.)Section 2With overwhelming public support, the United States joined forces with European nations and Nationalist China to battle Japan.Four days later, Hitler declared war on the United States, creating a global war.Japan at War (cont.)ABCDSection 2Where is Pearl Harbor located?A. Alaska B. HawaiiC. PhilippinesD. Great BritainSection 2The Allies AdvanceThe Allied forces stopped the advance of the Germans and the Japanese.Section 2The three major Allied forces (the United States, the Soviet Union, and Great Britain) agreed to fight until the Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan) surrendered unconditionally.Hitler was still confident in 1942, as Japan continued to advance in the Pacific, and German forces fought in the Soviet Union and North Africa. The Allies Advance (cont.)World War II In Europe And North Africa, 1941–1945Section 2In May of 1943, the tide of the war turned when a British and American coalition forced German and Italian troops to surrender in French North Africa.By the spring of 1943, Hitler realized that the battle over Stalingrad would end in a German defeat. The Allies Advance (cont.)Section 2Japanese forces were defeated at the Battle of Midway Island when U.S. planes destroyed four attacking Japanese aircraft carriers.With the help of General Douglas MacArthur, the U.S. Army, Marine, and Navy forces freed the Japanese-held islands of the Pacific and Southeast Asia.The Allies Advance (cont.)World War II in Asia and the Pacific, 1941–1945ABCDSection 2Which of the following battles ended in defeat for the Japanese? A. Battle of Midway Island B. Battle of StalingradC. Battle of BritainD. Battle of KurskSection 2Last Years of the WarAllied victories forced Germany and Japan to surrender unconditionally.Section 2The Allies turned the tide of the war with the surrender of Axis forces in Tunisia on May 13, 1943.In September, the Allies took Sicily, an area Winston Churchill referred to as the “soft underbelly” of Europe.The Allied forces planned a strategic invasion of France from Great Britain known as D-Day. Last Years of the War (cont.)D-Day: The Five BeachesSection 2Allied Forces, under U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower, landed on the Normandy beaches in history’s greatest naval invasion on June 6, 1944.Allied troops liberated Paris by the end of August 1944.Last Years of the War (cont.)Normandy Invasion, June 6, 1944Section 2With the imminent defeat of Germany and the partisan murder of Mussolini, Hitler committed suicide on April 30, 1945.Soviet forces advanced through Eastern Europe until Germany surrendered on May 7, 1945. Last Years of the War (cont.)Section 2Japan surrendered on August 14, 1945, after President Harry S. Truman authorized the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.World War II was finally over, with casualty estimates totaling 60 million.Last Years of the War (cont.)ABCDSection 2The Allied forces planned a strategic invasion to reclaim France known asA. Liberation Day.B. Normandy Day.C. D-Day.D. Operation French Freedom.Section 2-EndSection 3-Main IdeaThe BIG IdeaHuman Interface Millions of people were forced to labor for the German and Japanese war machines. The Holocaust claimed the lives of six million Jews.Section 3-Key TermsContent VocabularygenocidecollaboratorsAcademic VocabularyethnicoccupationSection 3-Key TermsPeople, Places, and EventsPolandHeinrich HimmlerReinhard HeydrichAuschwitzHolocaustABSection 3-Polling QuestionBy learning about the past, we can prevent future atrocities such as genocide and slave labor. A. AgreeB. DisagreeSection 3The New Order in EuropeThe German conquest of continental Europe forced millions of native peoples to work for the Nazi war machine.Section 3By 1942, the Nazi regime stretched across continental Europe from the English Channel in the west to the outskirts of Moscow on the east.Soon after the conquest of Poland, Hitler began implementing his plans for an Aryan racial empire by resettling one million Poles to Southern Poland. The New Order in Europe (cont.)Section 3Heinrich Himmler’s task was to replace the Slavic people, Czechs, Poles, Serbo-Croatians, Slovenes and Ukrainians, with hundreds of thousands of ethnic Germans.Hitler envisioned using the Poles, Ukrainians, and Russians in the Soviet Union as slave labor for his social engineering projects.The New Order in Europe (cont.)Section 3In 1944 20 percent of Germany’s labor force consisted of European workers, while another seven million people were forced to work on Nazi farms, industries, and in military camps.The New Order in Europe (cont.)ABCDSection 3How did Hitler plan to use the Polish, Ukrainian, and Russian people after the war?A. Scientists B. Role modelsC. Guest workersD. Slave laborersSection 3The HolocaustAdolf Hitler’s philosophy of Aryan superiority led to the Holocaust.Section 3According to Hitler’s theory, the Jews were trying to destroy the Aryans, who were the creators of human cultural development. Hitler, Himmler, and the SS believed the Final Solution to the Jewish problem was genocide (physical extermination) of the Jewish people. The Holocaust (cont.)Major Nazi Death CampsSection 3Reinhard Heydrich created special strike forces, Einsatzgruppen, to round up the Jews and put them in ghettos, hoping they would starve.In 1941 the Einsatzgruppen became mobile killing units who rounded up Jews, killed them, and buried them in mass graves. The Holocaust (cont.)Section 3Eventually, European Jews were sent to one of six extermination centers, such as Auschwitz, where they were worked to death, starved, or sent to the gas chambers.The Death TollThe Holocaust (cont.)6 million Jews 90 percent of the Jewish populations of Poland, the Baltic countries, and Germany9 to 10 million non-Jewish peopleSection 340 percent of Europe’s one million Roma (Gypsies)4 million Poles, Ukrainians, and Belorussians 3 to 4 million Soviet prisoners of warThe Holocaust (cont.)Section 3This mass slaughter of European Jews is known as the Holocaust.Incredibly, Denmark managed to save almost its entire Jewish population.The Holocaust (cont.)Section 3Some people believed the death camp accounts to be greatly exaggerated or pretended not to notice what was happening. Some, known as collaborators, even helped the Nazis hunt down the Jews.Children were also victims of World War II. Often, women and children were the first to be sent to the gas chambers. Many children were evacuated from cities during the war to avoid the bombing, sometimes never to see their parents again. The Holocaust (cont.)ABCDSection 3What did the Nazis call their plan to eliminate the Jews? A. Holocaust B. AuschwitzC. The Final SolutionD. EinsatzgruppenSection 3The New Order in AsiaThe Japanese conquest of Southeast Asia forced millions of native peoples to work for the Japanese war machine.Section 3Japan colonized Southeast Asia to obtain natural resources and develop a market for its manufactured goods.The Japanese recruited the native peoples to serve in local military units or in public works projects and had little respect for their lives. The New Order in Asia (cont.)Section 3To help with their war effort, the Japanese military used labor forces composed of both prisoners of war and local peoples.In Vietnam, more than a million people starved when the Japanese took their rice and sold it abroad. The New Order in Asia (cont.)ABCDSection 3Which of the following is not a reason that the Japanese needed colonies? A. Natural resources B. Slave laborC. Markets for  manufactured goodsD. Spread of CommunismSection 3-EndSection 4-Main IdeaThe BIG IdeaCompetition Among Countries After World War II, a new set of Cold War problems faced the international community.Section 4-Key TermsContent VocabularymobilizationkamikazeblitzCold WarAcademic VocabularywidespreadideologicalSection 4-Key TermsPeople and PlacesAlbert SpeerGeneral Hideki TōjōLondonDresdenABSection 4-Polling QuestionDuring wartime, do you think it is important for all citizens to support the government and the war effort? A. YesB. NoSection 4The Mobilization of Four NationsThe Soviet Union, the United States, Germany, and Japan all mobilized for the war, with an emphasis on personal sacrifice.Section 4World War II covered most of the world and required extensive economic mobilization.Citizens in the Soviet Union, United States, Germany, and Japan were strongly affected by the war. The Mobilization of Four Nations (cont.)Mobilization for WarSection 4The Soviet UnionCivilians experienced severe food, housing, and supply shortages. Factories were moved to the interior of the country.Women and girls went to work in factories, mines, and railroads.Women were used in battle.The Mobilization of Four Nations (cont.)Section 4The United StatesThe United States produced most of the military equipment for the Allies.Boomtowns developed in areas where work was done, but housing and schools were scarce. The Mobilization of Four Nations (cont.)Section 4African Americans moved to the North looking for work, leading to racial tensions.Japanese Americans were sent to internment camps. The Mobilization of Four Nations (cont.)Section 4Germany Germany’s mobilization came late into the war.Initially, Germany did not cut consumer goods production.Albert Speer, minister of armaments and munitions, dramatically increased production of armaments in 1942.The Mobilization of Four Nations (cont.)Section 4By 1944, schools, theaters, and cafes were closed.Women were encouraged to work, but many did not.The Mobilization of Four Nations (cont.)Section 4JapanCitizens were encouraged to sacrifice their resources, and sometimes their lives, for the national cause.Young Japanese were encouraged to serve as suicide pilots known as kamikaze.The Mobilization of Four Nations (cont.)Section 4Female employment increased mainly in textiles and farming.The Mobilization of Four Nations (cont.)General Hideki Tōjō did not want women to enter the workforce.ABCDSection 4What was the only country in World War II to use women in battle? A. The United States B. JapanC. The Soviet UnionD. GermanySection 4The Bombing of CitiesThe bombing of cities in Britain, Germany, and Japan destroyed buildings and killed thousands of civilians.Section 4Long-range bombers were developed in the late 1930s to target military zones, enemy troops, and civilian populations.London was bombed nightly beginning in September 1940.German air raids, or blitz, were implemented throughout Britain. The Bombing of Cities (cont.)Section 4The British bombed German cities in an attempt to break German morale.100,000 inhabitants and refugees were killed during the bombing of Dresden.A half-million civilians were killed, and millions of buildings, transportation systems, and fuel supplies were destroyed. The Bombing of Cities (cont.)Section 4Attacks on Japanese cities by the United States destroyed many of Japan’s industries and one-fourth of its dwellings.The first atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945.The Bombing of Cities (cont.)Japan, 1945ABCDSection 4Where was the first atomic bomb dropped? A. Dresden B. HiroshimaC. BerlinD. LondonSection 4Peace and a New WarPolitical tensions, suspicions, and a conflict of ideas led the United States and the Soviet Union into the Cold War.Section 4After World War II, tensions between Russia and the United States grew, resulting in a period of political tensions known as the Cold War.The Tehran Conference was held in November of 1943. Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill met in Tehran to discuss the final assault on Germany and made an agreement to partition postwar Germany. Peace and a New War (cont.)Europe After World War IISection 4The Yalta Conference brought the leaders of the Big Three together again in February 1945 to discuss Eastern Europe.The Soviet Union would gain Sakhalin and the Kuril, and railroad rights in Manchuria from Japan.The United Nations was created.Germany was divided into four zones.Free elections were to be held in Poland.Peace and a New War (cont.)Section 4The Potsdam Conference was held in July 1945, at which the Allies agreed to hold trials for war crimes. The Soviets would not agree to free elections for the rest of Eastern Europe.A new struggle arose between the democratic west and communist east, once again bitterly dividing the world. Peace and a New War (cont.)ABCDSection 4Which nation was not a part of the Big Three?A. The United StatesB. Great BritainC. The Soviet UnionD. FranceSection 4-EndVS 1THE BEGINNING of World War IINazi Germany began an aggressive policy of expansion.After Germany invaded Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany.Seeking access to natural resources, Japan seized Manchuria and North China.Japan launched a surprise attack on U.S. and European colonies in Southeast Asia in 1940.VS 2THE COURSE of the WarThe German blitzkrieg subdued much of western and central Europe, but Germany could not defeat Britain or Russia.The Japanese attack at Pearl Harbor in 1941 brought the United States into the war.The Grand Alliance forced the unconditional surrender of the Axis Powers in 1945.After the war, political tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union led to the Cold War.VS 3LIVES AFFECTED by WarGermany and Japan forced people of conquered nations to labor for their war effort.Hitler’s extremist racial views led to the Holocaust and the death of millions.Civilians worked in war factories and endured shortages.Bombings targeted civilians as well as the military.Almost 20 million civilians died in the war.VS-EndFigure 1Figure 2Figure 3Figure 4Figure 5Figure 6Figure 7Figure 8Figure 9Figure 10Figure 11Chapter Trans MenuChapter Transparencies MenuChapter Transparency Unit Time Line Transparency Cause-and-Effect Transparency Select a transparency to view.Chapter TransUnit Timeline TransCnETransDFS Trans 1DFS Trans 2DFS Trans 3DFS Trans 4Vocab1demilitarizedelimination or prohibition of weapons, fortifications, and other military installations Vocab2appeasementsatisfying reasonable demands of dissatisfied powers in an effort to maintain peace and stability Vocab3sanctionsrestrictions intended to enforce international law Vocab4dominateinfluence or control Vocab5violationa disregard of rules or agreements Vocab6blitzkriegGerman for “lightning war,” a swift and sudden military attack; used by the Germans during World War II Vocab7neutralityrefusal to take sides or become involved in wars between other nations Vocab8isolationisma policy of national isolation by abstention from alliances and other international political and economic relations Vocab9partisana resistance fighter in World War II Vocab10resolvedetermination; a fixed purpose Vocab11involvementa commitment or a connection to Vocab12genocidethe deliberate mass murder or physical extinction of a particular racial, political, or cultural group Vocab13collaboratora person who assists the enemy Vocab14ethnicrelating to people who have common racial, religious, or cultural origins Vocab15occupationa foreign military force’s occupying a country, or the policies carried out by it Vocab16mobilizationthe process of assembling troops and supplies and making them ready for war Vocab17kamikazeJapanese for “divine wind,” a suicide mission in which young Japanese pilots intentionally flew their airplanes into U.S. fighting ships at sea Vocab18blitzthe British term for the German air raids on British cities and towns during World War II Vocab19Cold Warthe period of political tension following World War II and ending with the fall of Communism in the Soviet Union at the end of the 1980s Vocab20widespreadwidely extended or spread out Vocab21ideologicalbased on a set of beliefs HelpClick the Forward button to go to the next slide.Click the Previous button to return to the previous slide.Click the Home button to return to the Chapter Menu. 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