Bài giảng Environmental Sciences - Chapter 9 The Production and Distribution of Food

Chapter 9 The Production and Distribution of FoodPer Capita Food ProductionPer Capita Food Production (Nebel & Wright, 2000)Food production has its ups & downs while people production just has ups.Food Production is, so far, staying ahead of people production.The Green Revolution (1960-1980)To eliminate hunger by improving crop performanceMovement to increase yields by using:New crop cultivarsIrrigationFertilizersPesticidesMechanization But in the endDid not eliminate faminePopulation still increasingIncrease cost of productionAn increased negative environmental impactDidn’t work for everyoneResponsibilities for food securityFamily Goal: Personal food securityEmployment securityAdequate land or livestockGood health and nutritionAdequate housingAccess to foodResponsibility for food SecurityCountry Goal: Sustainable food and nutrition for all peopleJust distributionSupport of sustainable agricultureFamily planning assistancePromotion of market economyEffective safety netResponsibility for food security Globe goal: Sustainable food & nutrition for allFood aid for famine reliefAid for sustainable agriculture developmentDebt reliefFair tradeDisarmamentFamily planning assistanceMajor Environmental Effects of Food Production SoilErosionLoss of fertilitySalinizationWater-loggingDesertificationPollution by pesticidesWaterAquifer depletionIncreased runoff and flooding from land cleared to grow cropsFish kills from pesticide runoffSurface and groundwater pollution from pesticides and fertilizersOver fertilization of lakes >> eutrophicationAirGreenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuelsOther air pollutants and particulates from fossil fuelsPollution from pesticide spraysMajor Environmental Effects of Food ProductionBiodiversity LossLoss and degradation of habitat from clearing grasslands and forests and draining wetlandsFish kills from pesticide runoffKilling of wild predators to protect live stockLoss of genetic diversity from replacing thousands of wild crop strains with a few monoculture strainsHuman HealthE. Coli contamination of meatPesticide residues in drinking water, food, and airContamination of drinking and swimming water with disease organisms from livestock wastesAerationWater holding capacityNutrient holding capacityPorosityPermeabilityWorkabilityAs texture size increasesAs texture size increasesAerationWater holding capacityNutrient holding capacityPorosityPermeabilityWorkability