Bài giảng Environmental Sciences - Chapter 19: Hazardous Chemicals: Pollution & Prevention

Chapter 19: Hazardous Chemicals: Pollution & PreventionSustainability, Stewardship, and Sound ScienceHazardous Materials Are one or more of the following:IgnitableReactiveCorrosiveToxicMercury and LeadThey are heavy metals which can causeMental impairmentHalogenated HydrocarbonsOrganic compounds with a halogen (bromine, iodine, ect.) replacing a hydrogenUsed as pesticidesUsed to make plasticResistant to biodegradationChlorinated HydrocarbonsChlorinated hydrocarbonsAre synthetic organic compounds DioxinMainly caused by burning PVC pipe (medical waste)Linked to cancer. Also an endocrine disruptor. Recall Alligators Love Canal, NYProblem first discovered in 1978The government allowed housing to be build over the toxic waste dumpFirst national emergency in the US because of toxic wasteLed to the superfund legislation. Superfund sites:$ comes from taxes on chemical industries50% of the $ spent on legal costsLove Canal, New YorkNational Priorities listIncludes sites that are:The greatest threat to health and the environmentToxic waste generated by households should be handled by toxic waste pick ups and public education.Toxicology & Chemical HazardsDoseFood ChainsA History of MISmanagementLand disposalInjectionScope of the ProblemCleaning Up the MessWaterSuperfund (NOT superFUN) SitesLUST and othersBroader IssuesEnvironmental Justice (Grace)Prevention SustainabilityToxicology & Chemical HazardsDose Response & ThresholdThreshold LevelThe Nature of Chemical Hazards: HAZMATsSources of Chemical Entering the EnvironmentBetter Living Through ... ?Toxics Release InventoryToxicology & Chemical Hazards (con’t)The Threat from Toxic ChemicalsHeavy MetalsOrganic CompoundsDirty DozenPERCMTBEToxicology & Chemical Hazards (con’t)Involvement with Food ChainsMinamataA History of MismanagementMethods of Land DisposalDeep-Well InjectionSurface ImpoundmentsLandfillsMidnight Dumping & Orphan SitesA History of Mismanagement (con’t)Scope of the Mismanagement ProblemsOccidental?Cleaning Up the MessEnsuring Safe Drinking WaterGroundwater RemediationCleaning Up the Mess (con’t)Superfund for Toxic SitesSetting PrioritiesCleanup TechnologyBioremediationPlant Food?Cleaning Up the Mess (con’t)BrownfieldsLeaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUST)Underground storage tank (UST)Managing Current Hazardous WastesThe Clean Air & Water ActsThe Resource Conservation Act (RCRA)Managing Current Hazardous Wastes (con’t)Reduction of Accidents & Accidental ExposuresDepartment of Transportation RegulationsWorker Protection: OSHA Act & the “Workers Right to Know”Community Protection & Emergency Preparedness: SARA, Title IIIEPCRA RulesThe Toxic Substances Control ActREACHBroader IssuesEnvironmental Justice & Hazardous WastesFederal ResponseInternational EJPollution Prevention for a Sustainable SocietyGreen ChemistryYou, the ConsummerRevisiting the ThemesSustainabilityStewardshipScienceEcosystem CapitalPolicy & PoliticsGlobalizationThe End