Bài giảng Economics of Social Issues - Chapter 6 The Economics of Education:Crisis and Reform

Chapter 6The Economics of Education:Crisis and ReformCopyright © 2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin6-2The Crisis in K-12Declining academic achievementFactors influencing international comparisonsCurriculumTeacher preparationLength of school day and yearExpenditures per pupilAmerican Eighth Graders verses the World, 2007CountryMathScienceUnited States508520Singapore593567Japan570554England513542Russian Federation572530Australia496515Sweden491511Italy480495Norway469487Cyprus465452International Comparisons of Educational Expenditures6-3CountryExpenditures per Student ($)(2003)Expenditures as a Percentage of GDP(2003)United States$8,8553.9Norway8,4764.6Italy7,2183.5United Kingdom7,0904.0Australia6,8943.4Sweden6,3394.5Japan6,2662.76-4K-12 as a Purely Private MarketEducation (student-years)Tuition ($)D = MPBS = MPC = MSCE*E11ab12,0005,0006-5Increased Demand for EducationEducation (student-years)Tuition ($)SE*E11b12,0005,000cE2S1DD1b16-6Shortcomings of a Purely Private Market for K-12Education (student-years)Tuition ($)D = MPBS = MPC = MSCE*E1baE2cMSB1MSB2MSB05,0006-7Tuition SubsidyEducation (student-years)Tuition ($)D = MPBS = MPC = MSCE*E1baE2MSB05,0004,0006-8Segregation and Equal OpportunityImportance of a common experienceWould a purely private market lead to segregation?Providing equal opportunity6-9Proposals for Reform in Current K-12 SystemSchool Choice and VouchersExcessive centralization, bureaucracy, lack of effective parental input of public school systemVouchers and competitionCharter SchoolsAnalysis of existing voucher/choice programsDownsides to voucher/choiceCream-skimmingSocial segregationAre Private Schools More Efficient and Effective than Public?6-10Other IssuesClass-size reductionsEffect on learningCost-effectivenessAdditional School ResourcesTeacher payNew school construction