Bài giảng Computer - Chapter 17

Chapter Overview The Windows Family Preparing for Windows InstallationInstalling Windows 1The Expanding Windows Family2Microsoft Windows 95 Released to the public in 1995.Aimed at the consumer market but was popular in the business market also.No longer sold or supported by Microsoft.Recommended to anyone requesting Windows 95 system service that they upgrade to a newer version of Microsoft Windows.3Microsoft Windows 98 Introduced in 1998The first version of Windows to take advantage of Plug and Play technologyIntroduced a new generation of support toolsClosely integrated the browser for the Internet with the operating system (OS) 4Microsoft Windows Millennium Edition (Me) Shipped in the third quarter of 2000Designed for home and general office useClosely linked to the InternetIncludes several new features and improvementsHardware requirements geared to the typical home PCCan be installed by the average user 5Microsoft Windows NT OS designed for power usersHas a completely different OS than Windows 9xAvailable in Workstation and several Server editionsMicrosoft Windows NT 3.1 released in 1993 and Microsoft Windows NT 3.51 in 1995Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 released in 1996; incorporated an interface very similar to that of Windows 95 6Microsoft Windows 2000 Successor to Windows NT Family of four products: Windows 2000 ProfessionalWindows 2000 ServerWindows 2000 Advanced ServerWindows 2000 Datacenter Server 7System Requirements Compared 8System Configuration Considerations The amount of random access memory (RAM) and processing power needed depend on the system usage.A graphics adapter with coprocessor and RAM improves the display performance.You need adequate hard disk drive space for the OS, applications, and upgrades. 9Plan the Installation Windows 98 and Windows 2000 have automated setup programs.You should follow a checklist during setup for optimal results.Installation is complete when the system is tuned, all hardware is working, and applications are ready to use. 10Installation Planning Overview Decide on the boot methods.Confirm hardware requirements and compatibility.Update firmware or components.Choose between an upgrade or a clean install.Record and obtain information. 11Installation Planning Overview (Cont.) Back up data and key files.Remove or disable conflicts and verify existing settings.Prepare the hard disk drive and file system.Partition the hard disk drive with fdisk. 12Decide on the Boot Methods More than one OS can be installed on the same computer. Windows 98 and Windows 2000 support dual booting with other OSs.Dual boot installations require you to complete all setup steps for each OS.You should draw up a compatibility list and note special requirements. 13Windows 2000 Dual Boot Considerations You can dual boot Windows 2000 with several other OSs.Each OS must reside on a different partition.Applications must be installed on each OS. When setting up either an MS-DOS or Windows 95 and Windows 2000 Professional dual boot system, Windows 2000 Professional must be installed last.Each OS must have its own machine name in a domain environment. 14Windows 98 Dual Boot Considerations Drive C must be a FAT16 partition and include enough free space for the Windows 98 installation. The two OSs must reside in different partitions or on different hard disks.Dual boot systems combining Windows 98 and Windows NT are not recommended. Dual booting Windows 98 and Windows 95 is not possible. Windows 98 cannot access files on NT file system (NTFS) partitions, and Windows NT cannot access files on FAT32 drives. 15Confirm Hardware Requirements and Compatibility Ensure that system components meet or exceed system requirements.Choose hardware from the hardware compatibility list for Windows 2000.Choose hardware that is certified to work with Windows 98 and Windows Me. 16Update Firmware or Components Check the system basic input/output system (BIOS) and update it if necessary before installation.BIOS updates can reduce problems and increase performance. 17Choose Between an Upgrade or a Clean Install A clean install is done on a new or newly formatted hard disk.An upgrade adds new components and updates existing ones. The /CHECKUPGRADEONLY option performs a dry run install and reports any possible conflicts. 18Record Information and Back Up Data and Key Files Create a written record of system configuration and network settings.Back up all configuration files and custom Registry entries.When performing an upgrade from Windows 95, use Device Manager or Windows NT Diagnostics to print a report of all device and system configurations.Back up all data files, batch files, and user profile files. 19Remove or Disable Conflicts and Verify Existing Settings Antivirus programs, third-party memory managers, terminate-and-stay-resident programs (TSRs), and legacy 16-bit drivers could interfere with the setup program.You should ensure that third-party disk partitioning software can be used with the version of Microsoft Windows you are installing.When upgrading an OS with CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT, you should remove any unwanted 16-bit or legacy entries.Upgrades work best when you upgrade in the same product series. 20Prepare the Hard Disk Drive and File System If the primary drive is already partitioned using the desired file system, you can proceed to the OS setup. If you will use FAT16 or FAT32 and need to create or change partitions, you must use the fdisk utility to prepare the drive.Fdisk can delete all data on the disk, so back up data first.No third-party disk management utilities should have been used to partition the drive. 21Partition the Hard Disk Drive with Fdisk Windows 98, Windows 95, and all versions of MS-DOS provide fdisk.You should use the same fdisk version as the OS you are installing.FDISK is the command you use to run the fdisk utility.To enable FAT32, you must answer Yes to enabling large drive support.Fdisk options include creating and deleting a partition, setting the active partition, displaying partition information, and choosing a drive. 22Using Fdisk—Step-By-Step Display partition information to verify that you are on the proper drive.Delete any non–DOS partition.Delete extraneous logical drives in the extended MS-DOS partition. 23Using Fdisk—Step-By-Step (Cont.) Delete the extended partition.Delete the primary DOS partition.Mark a partition as the primary partition and set it as active.Reboot the system, and then format the partition. 24Performing a Windows 98 Setup There are two versions of Windows 98, one for upgrades and one for new installations.An upgrade allows you to maintain settings that already exist under Windows 95, Windows 3.x, or Microsoft Windows for Workgroups.A clean install does not upgrade an existing OS.The files required for the setup are on CD-ROM and can be copied to a network location to perform an over-the-network installation. 25Considerations for the Windows 98 Setup A CD-ROM drive must be accessible from the DOS prompt.No other applications besides Setup can be running.Running Setup over a network requires about 170 MB of storage space on the server.If you perform a new installation, the Windows 98 installation package contains a Windows 98 startup disk. If you run Setup from an upgrade version, it operates only if you run it from a recognized OS. 26Windows 98 Setup’s Command-Line Switches 27Windows 98 Setup’s Command-Line Switches (Cont.) 28The Actual Windows 98 Installation Process Installations may vary but the basic procedure remains the same.Setup runs scandisk first to confirm the disk status unless you override this option. 29Collect Computer and Setup Information 30Choose the Type of Installation to Perform 31Create a Startup Disk and Complete the File Copy This process requires a 1.44-MB floppy disk.The startup disk contains real-mode files, CD-ROM drivers, and utilities necessary to start in DOS mode.A startup disk should be part of a technician’s toolkit.After the startup disk is created, files are extracted from archive files. 32Tune the Configuration 33Troubleshooting a Windows 98 Installation and Using Safe Recovery During installation, every action is tracked and logged.If Setup fails, Safe Recovery uses the logged information to try to resolve the problem.To run Safe Recovery, wait a few minutes, and then press Ctrl+Alt+Del.Hardware detection and system configuration problems cause most Setup failures.Windows logs the point of failure and bypasses that point.You might need to remove a device if Setup cannot bypass it. 34Beyond Safe Recovery Use manual intervention when Safe Recovery is not sufficient.Review the planning process first to make sure no critical issues were overlooked.Use the information generated by the failed installation to help solve the problem.To use this information, you must understand hardware detection. 35The Hardware Detection Process Setup attempts to detect devices that are installed on the computer.Each Plug and Play device is queried and configured.Non–Plug and Play device settings are discovered and cataloged.Four classes of devices are detected and located by safe detection.You can skip a certain class of devices during Setup if a device might cause problems. 36Setup Log Files 37Performing a Windows 2000 Installation Windows 2000 setup is similar to Windows 98 setup but with some important differences.Employing NTFS involves different installation and management procedures.The more robust security of Windows 2000 adds a few extra steps. 38Preparation and Planning Remember that hardware compatibility is much more important in Windows 2000 than in Windows 9x.Check the hardware compatibility list.Check the hardware vendor’s Web site if you cannot find the hardware on the hardware compatibility list. 39Upgrades and Updates The system components must have the most recent version of firmware.The system bus must support the Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) standard.Failure to upgrade the BIOS correctly can seriously damage the component. 40Gathering Information Remember that the Windows 2000 information gathering process is similar to the Windows 98 process.Choose the name and initial password for the administrator account created during setup.Gather the names and passwords of any other accounts that need to be created after installation. 41Upgrade or Clean Install? Setup offers to upgrade if it detects Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows NT Workstation 3.51, or Windows NT Workstation 4.0.An upgrade automatically configures and migrates settings from the previous installation.A clean install on a system with an existing OS will install Windows 2000 in a new directory.The system can be configured to dual boot. 42CD-ROM, Floppy Disk, or Network Installation? The simplest installation is to boot directly from the CD-ROM.If the CD-ROM is not supported or bootable, you can create and use setup disks.You can install Windows 2000 from a network location containing the source files. 43Creating Windows 2000 Setup Disks Use a computer with a CD-ROM drive and any version of MS-DOS or Windows.Format four floppy disks and label them “Windows 2000 Setup Disk” 1, 2, 3, and 4.Place the installation CD-ROM in the CD-ROM drive and type d:\bootdisk\makeboot a: at the prompt. Insert the first floppy disk into the floppy disk drive and follow the directions for each disk. 44Starting Setup and Using Setup Options WINNT32.EXE Can be executed from a 32-bit OSCan be used with several options: /S, /TEMPDRIVE, /UNATTEND, /CMD, /DEBUG, /UDF, /SYSPART, /CHECKUPGRADEONLY WINNT.EXE Can be executed from a 16-bit OSCan be used with several options: /S, /T, /U, /UDF, /R, /RX, /E, /A 45The Step-By-Step Installation Process Choose a file system and disk partition.Perform disk validation and file copy.Complete the primary device detection and information gathering.Begin installation once all information has been gathered. 46Postinstallation Tasks Set up local user accounts.Join networks and domains.Create an emergency repair disk (ERD). 47Troubleshooting a Windows 2000 Installation Check hardware and software by running /CHECKUPGRADEONLY.Repeat the installation after checking compliance.Inspect the logs: SETUPACT, SETUPAPI, and Events. Simplify the hardware configuration. Use the Recovery Console for basic repairs. 48Chapter Summary The Windows family of OSs includes a variety of products tailored for different environments.Windows 2000 is the most robust version of Windows.Proper planning and system preparation are critical. Windows 2000 installation requires more careful planning than does Windows 98.The Windows 98 and Windows 2000 installation processes are somewhat similar.Windows provides tools for troubleshooting installation problems.Additional tasks are required after installation is complete. 49