Bài giảng Computer - Chapter 10

Chapter Overview CD-ROM and DVD DrivesAdvanced Hard Disk DrivesSCSI Drives 1Advantages of CD-ROM and DVD Drives Large storage capacitiesPortabilityData cannot be changedSturdinessSpecial capabilitiesLow cost High speed 2CD-ROM vs. Hard Disk Drives There is no physical contact between the CD-ROM and the reading device.Storage tracks allow more data storage.Hard disks are less expensive and getting larger.Optical devices are used for archiving.Data is written to a CD-ROM by creating pits and lands on the CD surface. 3DVD: A Super CD-ROM Alternative DVD-ROM: read only; holds up to 17 GB of data DVD video: 4.7 GB; holds up to 135 minutes of videoDVD-R: recordable; holds up to 3.95 GB of data per sideDVD-RAM/RW: slow gaining acceptance because of incompatibilities 4Connecting CD-ROM and DVD Drives Adapter boards: Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics (EIDE) or Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)Sound cards with CD controller on boardSCSI host adapterEIDE connector 5Audio Capability and Access Time CD-ROM ISO Yellow Book standardInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9660 standardTwo important values:Data transfer rateMean access time 6Installing CD-ROM and DVD Drives 7Controller Cards Select the controller card before buying the CD-ROM.Use a secondary Integrated Device Electronics (IDE) controller on the motherboard.Ensure a proper connection. 8Installing an Internal Drive Mount an internal drive in a computer with an open bay for a 5.25-inch disk drive.Have the necessary tools and parts on hand.Connect two cables: one flat ribbon cable for data and one power cable.Check the documentation to connect the DVD drive correctly.For SCSI drives, set the correct SCSI ID and properly terminate the chain. 9Software Setup 10Multimedia Multimedia presents graphics, data, sound, and video in an integrated way.The Microsoft Multimedia PC Marketing Council, now the Multimedia PC Working Group, generates standards for multimedia computers.The current standard, MPC Level 3 (MPC3), sets several minimum requirements.Video-capture software provides the interface for importing, exporting, and editing video formats. 11Limitations of Early Hard Disk Drives The ST-506 interface developed by Seagate Technologies is now obsolete.The IDE/ATA standard is limited to 528 MB and supports hard disk drives only. 12EIDE Improvements Supports up to four hard disk drives–two on each controllerProvides faster data transfer ratesSupports CD-ROM, tape, and Zip drives 13The 528-MB Limit 14EIDE–Four Major UpgradesLogical block addressing (LBA)Programmed Input/Output (PIO) modesIndustry standard command setsUse of IRQ15 and I/O address 170h 15Overcoming the 528-MB Barrier Before LBA: capacity = cylinders  heads  sectors per trackAfter LBA: cylinders = capacity / (heads  sectors per track)16Other Methods of Overcoming the 528-MB Barrier Enhanced CHS translationFast ATALogical CHS and physical CHSDirect memory access (DMA) transfer 17Breaking the 8.4-GB Barrier Upgrade the system basic input/output system (BIOS).Install a hard disk drive with interrupt 13h support.Use a software program from the drive maker. 18Ultra DMA Ultra DMA/33 can be used on Pentium motherboards.Ultra DMA/66 doubles the speed of Ultra DMA/33. 19Installing EIDE Drives 20Other Drive Settings Multiple block reads32-bit disk access 21SCSI-1, SCSI-2, and Fast SCSI-2 SCSI-1 supported up to seven devices on a chain.SCSI-2 could address optical drives, tape drives, and scanners.Fast SCSI-2 doubled the transfer rate from 5 MB per second to 10 MB per second. 22SCSI-3 High performancePlug and Play installationSimple expansionAdvanced management toolsSCAM (SCSI configured auto-magically) support Connect/disconnect commandTag command queuing 23SCSI and Ultra DMA/IDE Comparison 24Noise and SCSI Any electrical signal other than data is noise.Noise spread through power cables is common-mode noise.Single-ended devices are vulnerable to common-mode noise.Differential-ended devices reject common-mode noise. 25Troubleshooting a Device Conflict Load only device drivers for the SCSI device.Use the F8 key.Try the /? option with the device driver executable.Look in the device documentation.Find the latest drivers.If no solution works, choose between the devices or go to a multiple boot configuration. 26Costs and Benefits of SCSI SCSI costs more than IDE.The cost may be justified in certain high-end environments. 27Setting Up a SCSI Subsystem Install the host adapter.Set the SCSI IDs, termination, and cabling.Power up one device at a time and check for problems.Load the operating system, drivers, and SCSI software. 28Setting SCSI IDs The host adapter is typically set to 7. There is no mandated order.The host adapter manufacturer may preset the ID.The logical unit number (LUN) is used to support more than one device per ID. 29Termination Termination prevents signal reflection.Newer SCSI devices use active termination; older SCSI devices use passive termination.Termination is typically built in, but some devices require manual termination.Both ends of the chain must be terminated, and devices in between must not be terminated.Most new SCSI devices set termination automatically. 30Chapter Summary CD-ROMs provide durable, removable storage for archiving.Newer CD-ROM technology provides multimedia support.DVD is an extension of CD-ROM technology.DVD can be used to store multiple formats.EIDE and Ultra DMA/IDE drives solve earlier drive problems.SCSI drives offer performance and reliability benefits. 31