Bài giảng Computer - Chapter 06

Chapter Overview Computer CasesMotherboardsROM BIOS 1The Computer Case The case helps contain electromagnetic interference (EMI).Larger cases usually have more expansion capability and are easier to work with.Smaller cases usually have less expansion potential and support fewer internal devices.Cases with more features cost more.You should never run a computer with an open case. 2Working with Cases DesktopTower3The Motherboard Before replacing a motherboard, double-check all other components to verify that the motherboard is the problem.Replace rather than repair a damaged motherboard.Consider purchase and interoperability issues. 4Chip Sets The chip set helps the CPU manage and control the computer.The CPU must be compatible with the chip set.Specialized chips control cache memory and high-speed buses.Different chip sets have different on-board components.On-board components might have fewer features than do expansion card versions. 5ROM BIOS Chips Read-only memory (ROM) chips store basic input/output system (BIOS) data—even when the computer power is off.The system BIOS prepares the hardware to run.Classes of BIOS chips include: Core chips Updateable complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) chipsOther chips with their own BIOS data 6Information Stored in the CMOS Floppy disk and hard disk drive typesCPU type and speedRandom access memory (RAM) sizeDate and timeSerial and parallel port informationPlug and Play information Power-saving settings 7Updating CMOS 8Determining the BIOS Manufacturer Watch the monitor when the computer boots.Check the computer or motherboard manual.Remove the computer cover and look at the chip.Use a third-party utility program.Cause an error that will launch the setup program. 9The Most Common Ways to Access BIOS Setup Programs AMI: Press Delete when the machine begins to boot.Phoenix: Press Ctrl+Alt+Esc, Delete, or F2 when requested.Award: Follow the procedure for AMI or Phoenix. 10Main BIOS Screen 11Setup Screen for Hard Disk Drive 12Advanced Tab 13Security Tab 14Power Tab 15Maintaining CMOS CMOS data can be lost for several reasons.You should write down CMOS setup information or back it up.Plug and Play devices include their own BIOS information. 16The CMOS Battery Look for battery requirements on the motherboard or in the documentation.Expect 2–7 years of battery life, depending on the type of battery.Watch for battery failure indicators.Replace the battery if a computer loses stored CMOS information more than once in a week. 17All Other Chips Add-on boards may have ROM chips with their own BIOS data.Device drivers could be required to provide BIOS support for hardware. 18Power-On Self Test The power-on self test (POST) checks every primary device at startup.Beep codes indicate problems before and during the video test.Errors displayed on the screen typically indicate problems after the video test.Errors can be fatal or nonfatal.POST cards display codes that you can decode from the manufacturer’s manual. 19Chapter Summary You should select a computer case for ease of use and expandability.EMI can harm surrounding equipment.Motherboards use different chip sets with differing capabilities.ROM BIOS chips can be static or updateable.A CMOS program accesses BIOS information stored in CMOS chips.If you change hardware, you must update the CMOS to reflect changes.A CMOS battery ensures that CMOS information is saved. 20