Bài giảng Business Driven Technology - Chapter 9 Enabling the Organization—Decision Making

UNIT THREEStreamlining Business OperationsUNIT THREEChapter Nine – Enabling the Organization— Decision MakingChapter Ten – Extending the Organization—Supply Chain ManagementChapter Eleven – Building a Customer-centric Organization—Customer Relationship ManagementChapter Twelve – Integrating the Organization from End to End—Enterprise Resource PlanningUNIT THREE Decision-enabling, problem-solving, and opportunity-seizing systemsCHAPTER 9Enabling the Organization—Decision MakingLEARNING OUTCOMES9.1 Define the systems organizations use to make decisions and gain competitive advantages9.2 Describe the three quantitative models typically used by decision support systemsLEARNING OUTCOMES9.3 Describe the relationship between digital dashboards and executive information systems9.4 List and describe four types of artificial intelligence systemsDECISION MAKINGDECISION MAKINGModel – a simplified representation or abstraction of realityIT systems in an enterpriseTRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMSMoving up through the organizational pyramid users move from requiring transactional information to analytical informationTRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMSTransaction processing system - the basic business system that serves the operational level (analysts) in an organization Online transaction processing (OLTP) – the capturing of transaction and event information using technology to (1) process the information according to defined business rules, (2) store the information, (3) update existing information to reflect the new informationOnline analytical processing (OLAP) – the manipulation of information to create business intelligence in support of strategic decision makingDECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMSDecision support system (DSS) – models information to support managers and business professionals during the decision-making processThree quantitative models used by DSSs include:Sensitivity analysis – the study of the impact that changes in one (or more) parts of the model have on other parts of the modelWhat-if analysis – checks the impact of a change in an assumption on the proposed solutionGoal-seeking analysis – finds the inputs necessary to achieve a goal such as a desired level of outputDECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMSWhat-if analysisDECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMSGoal-seeking analysisDECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMSInteraction between a TPS and a DSSEXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEMSExecutive information system (EIS) – a specialized DSS that supports senior level executives within the organizationMost EISs offering the following capabilities:Consolidation – involves the aggregation of information and features simple roll-ups to complex groupings of interrelated informationDrill-down – enables users to get details, and details of details, of informationSlice-and-dice – looks at information from different perspectivesEXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEMSInteraction between a TPS and an EISEXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEMSDigital dashboard – integrates information from multiple components and presents it in a unified displayARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)Intelligent system – various commercial applications of artificial intelligenceArtificial intelligence (AI) – simulates human intelligence such as the ability to reason and learnARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)The ultimate goal of AI is the ability to build a system that can mimic human intelligenceARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)Four most common categories of AI include:Expert system – computerized advisory programs that imitate the reasoning processes of experts in solving difficult problemsNeural Network – attempts to emulate the way the human brain worksFuzzy logic – a mathematical method of handling imprecise or subjective informationARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)Four most common categories of AI include:Genetic algorithm – an artificial intelligent system that mimics the evolutionary, survival-of-the-fittest process to generate increasingly better solutions to a problemIntelligent agent – special-purposed knowledge-based information system that accomplishes specific tasks on behalf of its usersDATA MININGData-mining software includes many forms of AI such as neural networks and expert systemsOPENING CASE STUDY QUESTIONSSecondLifeHow could companies use Second Life to enhance decision making for a new product or service?How could financial companies use neural networks in Second Life to help their businesses?OPENING CASE STUDY QUESTIONSSecondLifeHow could a company such as Nike use decision support systems on Second Life to help its business?How could an apparel company use Second Life to build a digital dashboard to monitor virtual operations?CHAPTER NINE CASEDARPA Grand ChallengeThe DARPA Grand Challenge was designed to leverage American ingenuity to develop autonomous vehicle technologies that can be used by the militaryWith the goal of saving lives on the battlefield, the DARPA Grand Challenge brings together individuals and organizations from industry, the R&D community, government, the armed services, and academia, and includes students, backyard inventors, and automotive enthusiastsCHAPTER NINE CASE QUESTIONSDescribe how the DoD is using AI to improve its operations and save livesExplain why the DoD would use an event, such as the DARPA Grand Challenge, to further technological innovationCHAPTER NINE CASE QUESTIONSDescribe how autonomous vehicles could be used by organizations around the world to improve business efficiency and effectivenessThe Ansari X is another technological innovation competition focusing on spacecraft. To win the $10 million Ansari X Prize, a private spacecraft had to be the first to carry the weight equivalent of three people to an altitude of 62.14 miles twice within two weeks. SpaceShipOne, a privately built spacecraft, won the $10 million Ansari X Prize on October 4, 2004. Describe the potential business impacts of the Ansari X competition